文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：几个树种的林冠降雨特征

英文题名：THE RAINFALL CHARACTERS UNDER CANOPY OF SEVERAL TREE SPECIES

作者：王彦辉[1]

第一作者：王彦辉

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所

年份：2001

卷号：37

期号：4

起止页码：2-9

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2000】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

语种：中文

中文关键词：降雨功能;林冠;森林水土保持;森林水文效益

外文关键词：Forest hydrology, Rainfall kinetic energy, Canopy interception, Mao-bamboo, Chinese fir, Black locust

分类号：S715.2;S714.7

摘要：本文从机制和数量关系上研究了毛竹、杉木和刺槐人工林的林冠对降雨雨谱和雨滴动能的影响 ,这是进一步深入研究森林的水土保持和水文效益的基础。结果表明 ,林冠降雨的雨滴直径 (D ,mm)大小分布即雨谱基本不受空旷地降雨类型和强度的影响 ,表现出相当稳定的特征。当采用F =1-exp(- (10Dα ) n)表示林冠降雨雨谱时 ,毛竹、杉木和刺槐的α值分别为 2 7718、2 5 939、2 5 112 ;n值分别为 1 75 93、1 9175、2 6 12 6。林冠降雨单位水体雨滴动能也基本不受林外降雨类型和强度影响。当降落高度足够大从而所有雨滴都能达到终点速度时 ,毛竹、杉木、刺槐的林冠降雨单位水体雨滴潜在动能为 2 4 16 3J·m- 2 mm- 1 、2 3 2 14J·m- 2 mm- 1 和2 3 713J·m- 2 mm- 1 ,表现为所研究 3个树种之间的差别很小。本研究建立了依据给定降落高度 (H ,m)计算这3个树种林冠降雨单位水体雨滴动能的模型 ,毛竹为ec=2 4 12 9[1-exp(0 .0 0 2 3H2 - 0 .32 5 9H) ],杉木为ec=2 3 2 14[1-exp(0 .0 0 2 5H2 - 0 .34 0 9H) ],刺槐为ec=2 3 713[1-exp(0 .0 0 15H2 - 0 .34 6 7H) ]。林冠降雨单位水体雨滴动能随降落高度降低而减小的程度表现为在 0～ 5m范围内最强烈 ;在 5～ 10m范围内较明显 ;在 10m以上时则不再很明显。文中还确?
The influence of canopy on the rainfall size distribution and on the raindrop kinetic energy was researched quantitatively and on the basis of effect mechanism for the tree species of Mao-bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens),Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata),Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia).Such research is the basis for further researches on the benefits of forest in terms of hydrology and soil protection.The study showed,that the raindrop size (D,raindrop diameter,mm) distribution is basically not influenced by the type and intensity of rainfall in open field,i.e.it is fairly stable.When the raindrop size distribution of canopy rainfall is expressed with the equation of F=1-exp(-(10Dα)n),the value of parameter α is 2.7718\,2.5939\,2.5112 and parameter n is 1.7593\,1.9175\,2.6126 for Mao-bamboo,Chinese fir,Black locust respectively.The raindrop kinetic energy per unit canopy rainfall is also basically not influenced by the type and intensity of rainfall outside of forest.When the falling height of raindrop (H,m) is big enough so that all raindrops can fall with their terminal velocity,the potential kinetic energy of raindrop per unit canopy rainfall is 24.163J·m -2mm -1,23.214J·m2mm -1,23.713J·m -2mm -1for Mao-bamboo,Chinese fir,Black locust respectively.The difference among the 3 tree species is small.In this study the models to calculate the raindrop kinetic energy per unit canopy rainfall according to the falling height were established,they are e c=24.129[1-exp(0.0023H2-0.3259H)],e c=23.214[1-exp(0.0025H2-0.3409H)],e c=23.713[1-exp(0.0015H2-0.3467H)] for Mao-bamboo,Chinese fir,Black locust respectively.The raindrop kinetic energy per unit canopy rainfall decreases with falling height markedly in the range of 0～5m;relative markedly in the range of 5～10m,and no more obviously in the range of above 10m.The relations between raindrop kinetic energy per unit rainfall in open field and the rainfall intensity for different rainfall types were researched.The method to evaluate the influence of forest canopy on the rainfall kinetic energy and the possible approach to do such evaluation in a regional scale were also discussed.