文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：三峡库区生态屏障区近自然生态修复与生态安全保障

英文题名：Near-natural ecological restoration and ecological security guarantee in the ecological barrier area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作者：勾蒙蒙[1] 刘常富[1] 王云琦[2] 周志翔[3] 贺秀斌[4] 曾波[5] 肖文发[1]

第一作者：勾蒙蒙

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091;[2]北京林业大学,北京100083;[3]华中农业大学,武汉510642;[4]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610299;[5]西南大学,重庆400715

年份：2025

卷号：23

期号：6

起止页码：9-16

中文期刊名：中国水土保持科学

外文期刊名：Science of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家重点研发计划项目“三峡库区生态屏障区近自然生态修复与生态安全保障技术”(2023YFF1305200)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：近自然生态修复;生态服务协同;数字景观模拟;技术集成;三峡库区生态屏障区

外文关键词：near-natural ecological restoration;ecosystem service synergy;digital landscape simulation;technology integration;ecological barrier area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

分类号：S718;S157

摘要：三峡库区生态屏障区(包括生态保护带、生态利用带、生态缓冲带,简称“三带”)是保障三峡库区生态安全的关键区域,面临着生态系统稳定性弱、生态安全风险高等问题。围绕生态屏障区生态系统稳定性与功能提升机制、人工防护林林分结构与水土保持功能耦合、特色经济林水养调控与生产功能协同、生态缓冲带控蚀减污景观调节等关键科学与技术问题,选取湖北秭归县和兴山县、重庆市云阳县和忠县等典型区域示范区开展国家重点研发计划项目关键技术研发与示范工作。以“三带”划分为基础,从基础理论研究、技术模式构建和集成示范模拟等3个方面开展近自然生态修复与示范研究,以期破解典型人工防护林结构近自然改造与水土保持功能定向提升、石质山地微生境植被恢复、特色经济林生产-生态功能协同提升等关键技术难题,构建生态屏障区多尺度近自然生态修复景观数字虚拟仿真与决策平台,助力实现生态系统服务与生态安全水平整体提升,为三峡库区生态屏障区近自然生态修复和区域可持续发展提供科技支撑。
[Background]Due to complex terrain,severe human-land conflicts,landscape fragmentation,and inappropriate forest stand structures,the ecological barrier area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is facing a series of ecological problems,such as lower stability of ecosystems but higher ecological risks.Although some restoration measures have been applied,simple vegetation restoration and excessive human intervention still affect the effectiveness of the process.[Methods]Focusing on the mechanisms of ecosystem stability and function enhancement,the interplay between the stand structure of artificial shelterbelts and their soil-water conservation functions,the synergistic coordination of water-nutrient regulation and production capacity in specialty economic forests,as well as the integrated landscape regulation for erosion control and pollution mitigation in ecological buffer zones,this research selected Zigui,Xingshan,Yunyang,and Zhongxian as typical demonstration areas,and applied the laboratory simulation,field test,location monitoring,and integrated demonstration simulations to develop the near natural ecological restoration techniques for ecological barrier area of TGRA.[Results]1)Identified the limiting factors for soil and water conservation in artificial shelter forests,and developed near-natural forest structure renovation techniques,including broadleaf tree transformation,understory vegetation restoration,and root restructuring.2)Clarified the characteristics of microhabitats and vegetation succession in rocky mountainous ecosystems,and developed techniques for microhabitat regulation and mixed forest silviculture across three succession stages:seedling transplantation,open shrubland formation,and degraded plantation recovery.3)Focused on the dynamic relationship between soil water and nutrients of specialty economic forests,investigated soil improvement technologies for economic forests,exploring production-ecology synergy patterns through living grass mulching and the integration of water and fertilizer.4)Studied the response of runoff,sediment,and nutrients to landscape patterns in ecological buffer zones,developing multi-landscape optimization technologies for establishing native vegetation communities and spatial configurations aimed at erosion control and pollution reduction,incorporating ecological ditches,multi-stage ponds,and vegetative buffer strips.5)Clarified the formation mechanism of ecological risk and identified the core ecological restoration area of the ecological barrier areas.Established a multi-scale(slope-small watershed-regional)near-natural ecological restoration and ecological security assurance technology system for ecological barrier zones,integrating knowledge graphs of restoration technologies and digital virtual simulations of ecological landscapes.[Conclusions]The developed near-natural ecological restoration techniques could produce adaptive strategies for ecological conservation and restoration and key technical patterns of ecological security guarantee for the ecological barrier zones and provide significant support for improving ecological function and promoting sustainable regional development in the TGRA.