文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：角倍蚜越冬若蚜的生物学特性

英文题名：Biological characteristics of overwintering nymphs of the horned-gall aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis(Hemiptera:Aphididae)

作者：许鑫[1] 魏洪媛[1] 丰国蕊[1] 邵淑霞[1] 杨子祥[1]

第一作者：许鑫

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,国家林业和草原局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,昆明650224

年份：2022

卷号：65

期号：6

起止页码：730-736

中文期刊名：昆虫学报

外文期刊名：Acta Entomologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872305);云南省基础研究计划项目(202001AT070016);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(云[2020]TG04)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：角倍蚜;越冬若蚜;行为习性;形态;种群动态;龄期分布

外文关键词：Schlechtendalia chinensis;overwintering nymph;behavioral habit;morphology;population dynamics;instar distribution

分类号：Q968

摘要：【目的】角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis是五倍子蚜的主要生产种,深入了解角倍蚜越冬若蚜的生物学习性,揭示田间无土植藓条件下越冬若蚜的种群动态,可以为进一步降低若蚜越冬的死亡率,提高五倍子产量提供依据。【方法】在田间以无纺布为基质种植侧枝匐灯藓Plagiomnium maximoviczii培育越冬若蚜,定期采集带不同龄期角倍蚜的藓块带回实验室,利用数码显微系统连续观测和记录越冬期间若蚜的行为习性、形态特征、种群动态和龄期分布等,并连续测量越冬期间侧枝匐灯藓的藓层厚度和覆盖率。【结果】角倍蚜秋迁蚜以卵胎生方式产生若蚜,若蚜在侧枝匐灯藓的拟叶基部分泌蜡丝包裹自身并形成蜡球,在蜡球内取食和越冬。每个蜡球内通常有1头若蚜。越冬若蚜从1-4龄,体色由淡黄色逐渐加深至深褐色,体长和体宽随龄期的增加而增加,分别从1龄若蚜552.92±16.95和294.70±11.52μm增加到4龄若蚜的1205.25±10.75和593.15±7.66μm。越冬期间若蚜的平均种群密度从10月中旬的13.10×10^(4)头/m^(2)降至翌年3月的1.05×10^(4)头/m^(2),总死亡率高达91.98%。越冬若蚜个体间的发育进度很不整齐,并与当地的气温变化密切相关。若蚜越冬期间侧枝匐灯藓的厚度和覆盖率逐步增加。【结论】越冬若蚜体长和体宽可作为角倍蚜龄期鉴别的主要指标。田间越冬期间角倍蚜若蚜的总死亡率很高,其中越冬初期和中期若蚜转移寄生期的死亡率较其他阶段高。
【Aim】The horned-gall aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis,is the major productive species of Chinese gallnuts.Understanding the biological characteristics and population dynamics of its overwintering nymphs under the condition of soilless moss in the field will provide a basis for further reducing the mortality of overwintering nymphs and increasing the yield of Chinese gallnuts.【Methods】The overwintering nymphs of S.chinensis were reared in the field on the host moss Plagiomnium maximoviczii which was planted on the non-woven fabrics.Mosses with S.chinensis at different developmental stages were collected regularly and brought back to the laboratory.The behavioral habits,morphological characteristics,population dynamics and instar distributions of S.chinensis nymphs during overwintering were investigated using a digital microscopic system.The thickness and coverage rate of P.maximoviczii during the overwintering period were measured as well.【Results】Autumn migrants of S.chinensis reproduce ovoviviparously.The nymphs of S.chinensis excrete wax at the base of phyllidia of P.maximoviczii and wrap themselves individually to form wax balls where they feed and overwinter.Usually there is a single nymph in a wax ball.The body color of nymphs from the 1st instar to the 4th instar deepens gradually from light yellow to dark brown.The body length and width of nymphs increased with the nymphal instar,from 552.92±16.95 and 294.70±11.52μm of the 1st instar nymphs to 1205.25±10.75 and 593.15±7.66μm of the 4th instar nymphs,respectively.During the overwintering period,the population density of nymphs dropped from 131000 aphids/m^(2) in mid-October to 10500 aphids/m^(2) in next March.The total mortality rate was as high as 91.98%.The developmental progress of overwintering nymphs was irregular and closely related to the changes of local temperature.The thickness and coverage rate of the moss layer increased gradually during overwintering of S.chinensis nymphs.【Conclusion】The body length and body width may be used as the main indicators for the identification of different instars of overwintering nymphs of S.chinensis.The total mortality rate of overwintering nymphs of S.chinensis in the field is very high,and the mortality rates during the early overwintering stage and the middle host-transferring stage are higher than those during the other stages.