文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中国主要森林生态系统水文功能的比较研究(英文)

英文题名：COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MAJOR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN CHINA

作者：刘世荣[1] 孙鹏森[1] 温远光[2]

第一作者：刘世荣

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所;[2]广西大学林学院

年份：2003

卷号：27

期号：1

起止页码：16-22

中文期刊名：植物生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Phytoecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2000】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：SupportedbytheOutstandingYoungScientistProgramofNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .30 12 5 0 36 ) ,theNationalMa jorFundamentalScienceProgram (No.G2 0 0 0 0 46 80 7)andtheNationalKeyProjectsforBasicResearch (G19980 40 813)

语种：中文

中文关键词：中国;森林生态系统;水文功能;比较研究;降水截留;持水量;径流;蒸散

外文关键词：Forest ecosystems, Rainfall interception, Moisture holding capacity, Runoff, Evapo-transpiration

分类号：S718.7

摘要：基于中国不同区域生态站的观测资料 ,着重从降雨截留 (林冠截留、枯枝落叶层截持和土壤蓄水 )、调节径流和蒸散等 3个方面对我国主要森林生态系统的水文生态功能进行了比较研究。各生态系统林冠年截留量在 134～ 6 2 6mm间变动 ,由大到小排列为 :热带山地雨林 ,亚热带西部山地常绿针叶林 ,热带半落叶季雨林 ,温带山地落叶与常绿针叶林 ,寒温带、温带山地常绿针叶林 ,亚热带竹林 ,亚热带、热带东部山地常绿针叶林 ,寒温带、温带山地落叶针叶林 ,温带、亚热带落叶阔叶林 ,亚热带山区常绿阔叶林 ,亚热带、热带西南山地常绿针叶林 ,南亚热带常绿阔叶林 ,亚热带山地常绿阔叶林。枯落物持水量可以达到自身干重的 2～ 5倍 ,但也因林型而异。土壤非毛管持水量变动在 36～ 142mm之间 ,平均 89mm。常绿阔叶林的非毛管持水量通常高于 10 0mm ,而寒温带 /温带落叶阔叶林和常绿针叶林通常低于 10 0mm .土壤的非毛管持水量通常占生态系统中截持水量的 90 % ,其次是枯落物和林冠层。这说明 ,森林土壤在调节降雨截留中占有重要地位 ,其水文功能的大小取决于土壤结构和空隙度 ,而这些恰恰又受枯落物和森林植被特征的影响。森林皆伐后 ,一般地表径流会显著地增加 ,而适当抚育措施则对地表径流影响不大。
Based on case studies from nearly 20 forest ecological stations in different bioregions of China, the characteristics of eco_hydrological functions of forest ecosystems were studied in terms of canopy interception, soil_water storage and holding capacity. Annual canopy rainfall interception ranged from 134 to 626 mm, and was ranked in the descending order as follows : tropical mountain rain forest, subtropical western mountain evergreen coniferous forest, tropical semi_deciduous monsoon forest, temperate mountain deciduous/evergreen coniferous forest, cold_temperate/temperate mountain evergreen coniferous forest, subtropical bamboo forest, subtropical/tropical eastern mountain evergreen coniferous forest, cold_temperate/temperate mountain deciduous coniferous forest, temperate/subtropical deciduous broadleaf forest, subtropical mountain evergreen broadleaf forest, subtropical/tropical south_west mountain evergreen coniferous forest, south subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, and subtropical mountain evergreen/broadleaf forest. The moisture holding capacity of litter was about two_to_five times its dry_weight, but varied with forest type. The soil non_capillary moisture capacity of forests ranged from 36 to 142 mm with an average of 89 mm. Non_capillary capacity of evergreen broadleaf forests was more than 100 mm, but was less than 100 mm in the cold_temperate/temperate deciduous broadleaf and evergreen coniferous forests. From an ecosystem point of view, the soil non_capillary holding capacity counted for more than 90% of the total, followed by forest litter, which ranged from 3 to 10 mm, and canopy interception only occupied a small proportion (less than 2 mm). This indicates that forest soils play a significant role in regulating rainfall interception. The hydrological role of forest soil depends on its structure and porosity, which is further affected by litter_fall and forest vegetation on sites. There was no consistent result with respect to the relationship between forest cover and annual runoff based on paired comparison of forest watersheds or direct measurements of the same forest watershed with a change of forest cover over time. Soil surface runoff was found to increase remarkably after forest logging, in particular, after clear_cut on a large scale irrespective of forest types or regions. An appropriate thinning or tending practices, however, could reduce soil surface runoff to a certain degree in forest watersheds. With increasing precipitation, forest evapo_transpiration increased slightly, while the Relative Evapo_transpiration Ratio (RER) decreased with the RER variation ranging from 40% to 90%.