文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：六盘山叠叠沟小流域典型植被的产流产沙特征

英文题名：Characteristics of Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield from the Typical Vegetation Forms in the Diediegou Watershed of Liupan Mountains

作者：靳仔鑫[1,2] 于澎涛[1] 万艳芳[1] 涂立辉[1] 王晓[1] 郭建斌[2]

第一作者：靳仔鑫

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091;[2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

年份：2022

卷号：2

期号：2

起止页码：20-28

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：国家自然科学基金(U21A2005,U20A2085,41971038,32171559);院优秀创新人才项目(CAFYBB2020QB004)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：产流;产沙;植被类型;坡度;坡向

外文关键词：runoff yield;sediment yield;vegetation types;slope gradient;slope aspect

分类号：S157.1

摘要：【目的】植被和立地条件是影响降雨径流和侵蚀产沙的重要因素,在黄土高原土石山区研究自然降雨条件下植被类型、覆盖度、坡度和坡向对坡面产流产沙的影响,为制定有效的水土保持措施和水源涵养林经营策略提供理论依据。【方法】对宁夏六盘山叠叠沟小流域的华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)人工林、天然沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)灌丛、天然草地3种典型植被,各布设2个10 m×20 m的径流小区,共布设6个,于2019年8—10月观测了6次侵蚀性降雨事件对产流产沙量的影响。【结果】不同植被类型下次降雨事件的产沙量均随降雨因子(次降雨量和降雨强度的乘积)增大呈先增后减的变化趋势,但产流量随降雨因子的变化在植被类型间有差异。高强度的降雨事件易引起产流产沙,但良好的植被覆盖使产流产沙量均很低。产流产沙量随坡度增大而增大,如华北落叶松林平均产流量为陡坡比缓坡多0.075 mm,平均产沙量多19.62×10^(?3)t·km^(?2)。越靠近阳坡,产流量越小,而产沙量越大,如草地平均产流量为阳坡比半阳坡少0.03 mm,但平均产沙量多17.89×10^(?3)t·km^(?2)。冠层郁闭度越高,产流量越小;林下草本层及枯落物层覆盖度和生物量越高,产沙量越小。受植被条件和地形因子的综合影响,缓坡华北落叶松林的产流产沙量均最小,水土保持效益最优。【结论】在六盘山土石山区,需减少植被生物量及其生态耗水以利于增加产流,增加林下植被层和枯落物层的覆盖度和生物量以利于降低土壤侵蚀。
【Objective】Vegetation and topography are important factors affecting runoff and erosion.The effects of vegetation type,coverage,slope gradient and slope direction on runoff and sediment yield under natural rainfall conditions were studied in the rocky mountainous area of Loess Plateau,which provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of effective soil and water conservation measures and water-conserving forest management strategies.【Method】In this study,three typical vegetation types(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantation,natural Hippophae rhamnoides shrub and natural grassland)in the Diediegou watershed of Liupan mountains were used as the research objects,and six runoff fields with an area of 10 m×20 m,i.e.,two runoff fields of each vegetation type,were established.The effects of six erosive rainfall events on runoff and sediment yield were observed from August to October in 2019.【Result】The sediment yield of different vegetation types increased first and then decreased with the increase of rainfall factors(i.e.,the product of rainfall and rainfall intensity),while the runoff varied with the changes of rainfall factors between vegetation types.High-intensity rainfall events are prone to aborted sand production,but the runoff and sediment yield are low because of good vegetation coverage.The runoff and sediment yield increased with the increase of slope,for example,the larch runoff plot with steep slope is 0.075 mm and 19.62×10^(?3)t·km^(?2)more than that of gentle slope,respectively.The closer the sunny slope is,the smaller the runoff is,and the greater the sediment yield is,for example,the runoff of the grassland runoff plot on sunny slope is 0.03 mm less than that of semi-sunny slope,which the sediment yield is 17.89×10^(?3)t·km^(?2) more than that of semi-sunny slope.The higher the canopy density is,the smaller the runoff is.However,the higher the coverage and biomass of understory herbaceous and litter layers are,the smaller the sediment yield is.Due to affect by the comprehensive influence of vegetation condi-tions and topographic factors,the larch runoff plot with gentle slope had the lowest runoff and sediment yield and the best effect of water and sand reduction.【Conclusion】In the rocky mountainous area of Liupan Mountain,it is necessary to reduce vegetation biomass and its ecological water consumption to increase runoff yield,and increase the coverage and biomass of understory vegeta-tion and humus layers to help reduce soil erosion.