文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：定量区分人类活动和降水量变化对泾河上游径流变化的影响

英文题名：Study for Separating the Impact of Precipitation Variation and Human Activities on Runoff Change of the Upper Reaches of Jing River

作者：张淑兰[1] 王彦辉[1] 于澎涛[1] 张海军[2] 屠新武[3]

第一作者：张淑兰

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091;[2]佳木斯大学,黑龙江佳木斯154007;[3]黄河水利委员会三门峡库区水文水资源局.河南三门峡市472000

年份：2010

期号：4

起止页码：53-58

中文期刊名：水土保持学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2008】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(40730631;40671038;30671677;40801017);科技部“十一五”科技支撑计划项目课题(2006BAD03A1803);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2007038;CAFRIF200702);科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项项目(2004DIB3J102);国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：水文;人类活动;降水;径流;泾河上游地区

外文关键词：hydrology; human activities; precipitation; runoff; the upper reaches of Jing river basin

分类号：P333

摘要：基于泾河上游(泾川水文站以上)52年(1954-2005年)的径流和气象年数据,研究了上游地区的气候和径流变化特征,发现年降水量变化趋势不明显、器皿年蒸发量有微弱下降趋势,而年径流量却呈明显降低趋势。根据年降水量-年径流深的双累积曲线,划分出了径流变化的5个阶段分别为1954-1960年、1961-1971年、1972-1980年、1981-1997年和1998-2005年。并以1954-1960年段作为基准期,定量估算了其他年段内人类活动和年降水量变化对年径流深变化的贡献,发现除1991-1997年段降水量偏低对径流减少起很大作用以外,在其它年段径流的变化更多的受到人类活动的影响,在1961-1971年、1972-1980年和1981-1990年3个年段,人类活动对径流增加的贡献量分别为52.71,9.22,3.42 mm;而降水仅在1961-1971年对径流具有增加的贡献量为5.38 mm,在其它两个年段对径流具有减少的贡献量,分别为2.85 mm和2.93 mm;在1998-2005年,相对于降水量对径流的增加贡献量为1.73 mm的情况下,人类活动对径流的减少具有较大的贡献量为24.87 mm。最后,探讨了进一步定量区分气候变暖和具体人类活动对蒸散和径流变化贡献的研究需求。
This paper analyzed the characteristics of climate and runoff of Jing river upstream in the past 52 years（1954-2005） based on the measured data of climate and the hydrological data at Jingchuan station which is the main controlling station on the upstream.The research fund that the runoff series showed a significantly downward tendency while the precipitation was even and pan evaporation had weak downtrend,indicating that the down trend of runoff was caused by human activities.The double mass curve method were used to detect the abrupt change and made off four stages： 1954-1960,1961-1971,1972-1980,1981-1997,1998-2005.We obtained a regression equation based on the data of precipitation and runoff in 1954-1960.Using this equation the impact of human activities increasing on runoff can be quantified after 1960.The calculated results showed that except that low precipitation was the main reason leading to runoff reducing in period 1991-1997,human activity was the more important reason that impacted the runoff variation in other periods.For example,human induced runoff increasing were 52.71,9.22,3.42 mm in three periods 1961-1971,1972-1980 and 1981-1990 respectively,but precipitation induced runoff increasing was 5.38 mm only in the period 1961-1971 and runoff decreasing were 2.85 mm,2.93 mm in other period 1972-1980 and 1981-1990 respectively;In addition,compared to precipitation that induced runoff increasing 1.73 mm,human activities induced runoff decreasing were 24.87 mm in the period 1998-2005.Finally,we discussed that further quantitative distinguish the contribution of climate warm and specific human activity on variation of evapotranspiration and runoff was the research requirement.