文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：雷击火高发的呼中地区瞭望塔配置的可视性评价

英文题名：Visibility Evaluation of the Lookout Tower Configuration in Huzhong Area Where Lightning Fires Frequently Occur

作者：王明玉[1] 李伟克[1] 舒立福[1] 司莉青[1] 赵凤君[1] 李威[1] 李笑笑[1]

第一作者：王明玉

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2023

卷号：59

期号：10

起止页码：9-21

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20234715082455);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2021ZB001,CAFYBB2022XA001);国家林业和草原局森林雷击火防控——揭榜挂帅项目(2023132032)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：雷击火;森林防火;瞭望塔;可视性;呼中地区

外文关键词：lightning wildfire;forest fire prevention;lookout tower;visibility;Huzhong area

分类号：S762

摘要：【目的】分析和评价我国森林雷击火高发区——呼中地区的瞭望塔监测体系,为完善当地瞭望塔布局建设,切实提升当地森林火灾防控能力提供依据。【方法】基于地理信息数据,利用ArcGIS、Origin等软件,对呼中地区现有的36座瞭望塔的可视性进行分析,并结合研究区1990―2020年历史森林火灾数据评价瞭望塔的火灾监测能力。【结果】研究区96%以上的森林火灾是雷击火,多发生在夏季的中午至傍晚时段,其中呼中国家级自然保护区南部、呼源林场中东部、呼中林场的西部、中部和北部以及碧水林场和呼中林场交界处等区域是雷击火高发区。雷击火多分布在海拔700~1100 m之间的山体缓坡、东南坡和南坡坡向上;呼中地区瞭望塔系统整体可视性良好,各林场间的瞭望塔系统可视性基本相当,但单个瞭望塔之间可视性差异较大,其中呼中国家级自然保护区内各瞭望塔的可视性水平较高,也最为平均;叠加分析显示,72.73%的森林火灾落在瞭望塔可见区域内,而落在监测盲区内的火灾主要分布在呼中林场的西南部和碧水林场的东南部,落在瞭望塔可见和不可见区域的火灾坡向差异明显,前者多分布于东南坡和南坡,而后者多分布在北坡、东北坡、东坡。【结论】呼中地区瞭望塔系统整体可视性水平较好,高于全国平均水平,但单体瞭望塔之间可视性能力差异较大,存在明显监测盲区,特别是对阴坡、半阴坡林地的火灾监测能力较薄弱,需重点加强。
【Objective】The Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains is a region with a high incidence of lightning wildfires in China,and lookout tower monitoring is the most important means for fire prevention and control.In this study,we analyzed and evaluated the lookout tower monitoring system in the Huzhong area,in order to improve the local lookout tower layout and construction,and effectively enhance the local forest fire prevention and control capability.【Method】In this study,Huzhong area of the Daxing’anling Mountains was targeted.Based on the geographical information data,the visibility of the existing 36 lookout towers in Huzhong area was analyzed by using ArcGIS,Origin and other analysis tools.In addition,the fire monitoring capability of the lookout towers was also evaluated combine with the historical forest fire data from 1990 to 2020 in the study area.【Result】More than 96%of the forest fires in the study area were caused by lightning wildfires,most of which occurred from noon to evening in summer.The southern part of Huzhong National Nature Reserve,the central part of Huyuan forest farm,the western,central and northern part of Huzhong forest farm,and the junction of Bisui forest farm and Huzhong forest farm were the areas with high incidence of lightning wildfires.Lightning wildfires were mostly distributed on the gentle slope,southeast slope and south slope of the mountain with an altitude of 700?1100 m.The overall visibility of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area was good,and the visibility of the lookout tower system between different forest farms was basically the same.However,there were significant differences in visibility between the individual lookout towers,among which the visibility level of each lookout tower in Huzhong National Nature Reserve was relatively high and the most average.Overlay analysis showed that 72.73%of forest fires fell in the visible area of the lookout tower,while the fires that fell in the monitoring blind area were mainly distributed in the southwest of Huzhong Forest Farm and the southeast of Bishui Forest Farm.There was a significant difference in the slope direction of fires that fell in the visible and invisible areas of the lookout tower.The former was mainly distributed in the southeast and south slope,while the latter was mainly distributed in the north,northeast and east slope.【Conclusion】The overall visibility level of the lookout tower system in Huzhong area is good,higher than the national average level.However,the visibility of individual lookout towers varies greatly,and there are obvious monitoring blind areas.In particular,the fire monitoring ability at shady and semi-shady slopes is relatively weak,which needs to be strengthened.