文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：天然林生态系统稳定性与病虫害干扰--调控与被调控

英文题名：Relations between natural forest stability and pest disturbance:to control and to be controlled

作者：梁军[1] 孙志强[1,2] 乔杰[2] 张星耀[1]

第一作者：梁军

机构：[1]国家林业局森林保护重点试验室,中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091;[2]国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心,郑州450003

年份：2010

期号：9

起止页码：2454-2464

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2008】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家“十一五”科技支撑资助项目(2006BAD08A12)

语种：中文

中文关键词：天然林;稳定性;演替;病虫害;干扰

外文关键词：natural forest; stability; succession; forest pest; disturbance

分类号：Q146

摘要：如何评价天然林中原生的昆虫、病原的生态功能是制定病虫害防治措施首先要明确的问题之一。依据天然林生态系统稳定性与病虫害干扰之间关系的最新研究进展,系统阐述了当前有关天然林调控病虫害爆发的多样性-稳定性假说和联合抗性假说,指出联合抗性假说的不确定性以及多样性-稳定性假说的局限性。昆虫、病原在天然林演替过程对系统整体结构、健康、稳定以及可持续性上不但发挥着重要的生态调控功能作用,在有些情况下甚至加速或改变系统的演替途径。这种生物干扰目前在林业发达国家的天然林管理策略中被视为有益的干扰元素,由此提出将模拟自然干扰作为今后天然林管理策略一项指导方针。同时指出我国对此的认识不仅较国外林业发达国家晚,而且在实践中也未能有效地整合在森林生态系统健康管理的实践中,因此这种对天然林生物干扰的新认识有助于未来我国天然林病虫害生态控制治理决策的制定。
How to evaluate the ecological functions of indigenous insect and pathogen in natural forest is vital for strategy makings on pest control.In this paper,we reviewed the latest research progress on the relations between forest ecosystem stability and pest disturbance,and discussed two main mechanisms： diversity-stability,and associational resistance hypothesis that acted to control pest from outbreak in natural forests.Association with taxonomically diverse plant species can reduce herbivory damage.Two hypotheses are proposed for associational resistance： the enemy hypothesis and the resource concentration hypothesis.The resource concentration hypothesis predicts that herbivores are more likely to be found in patches where their host plants are abundant,The enemy hypothesis can explain why herbivores are fewer in forest ecosystems with a more abundant and diverse community of natural enemies.This is consistent with the diversity-stability hypothesis,which predicts that the greater the diversity of a community,the greater its stability.Therefore the populations of both forest herbivores and their enemies should exhibit a lower degree of temporal variation in more diverse stands.Nonetheless,evidence from published studies suggests that mixed stands are not always less susceptible to herbivory disturbance than single-species stands for many forest ecosystems,depending on both the identity of herbivores and host tree species.The diversity-stability hypothesis has been shown to be partly true on basis of herbivore guilds.On the other hand,herbivore insect/disease disturbances play an important role in determining the overall structure,health,and sustainability of forest ecosystems.As decomposers,food source,dispersal agents of seeds and pathogens,and pollinators,herbivores can all affect the dynamics of plant density and community composition by creating gaps and patches,and even the pathway of forest succession.Forest ecosystems and their pathogens can be considered to be at quasi-equilibrium.Pathogens in forest ecosystem can slow nutrient flow,reduce competitions,create gaps and patches and even kill dominant trees like top predators in the food chain.In this case,both insects and pathogens can be considered as beneficial disturbances in forest management in many developed countries.There is a need to shift the objectives from pest control to pest management,and to place greater emphasis on ecological research and system approach in forest management.Shifting to pest management leads to the paradigm of ＇ecologically based pest management＇（EBPM）,or managing pest without creating adverse environmental impacts.This paradigm complies well with new guidelines for biodiversity-oriented and sustainable forest management.Further,an alternative view on natural disturbances and mimicking natural disturbance regimes is proposed as a key component of an ecosystem-oriented approach to forest management.We point out that this alternative view on the biotic disturbances has been used in forest management in many developed countries,but is yet to be used in forest management in China until now.This new understanding of biotic disturbance in natural forest offers some guidance for managing forests in an ecologically sustainable way in China in the future.