文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：库姆塔格沙漠研究:进展与成果(英文)

英文题名：A Study of Kumtag Desert:Progresses and Achievements

作者：王锋[1] 褚建民[2] 王学全[1] 崔向慧[1] 吴波[1] 杨文斌[1] 卢琦[1]

第一作者：王锋

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

年份：2011

卷号：2

期号：3

起止页码：193-201

中文期刊名：资源与生态学报：英文版

收录：CSTPCD;;CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；PubMed;

基金：China National Science and Technology Infrastructure Programme(2006FY110800);Academician Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAFYBB2010001-03)

语种：中文

中文关键词：科学考察;库姆塔格沙漠;羽毛状沙丘;沙砾碛;双峰野骆驼;敦煌

外文关键词：scientific expedition; Kumtag Desert; feather-like longitudinal dunes; sand-gravel-moraine; Bactrian Camel; Dunhuang

分类号：P941.73

摘要：库姆塔格沙漠,地跨新疆、甘肃2省区;东起敦煌鸣沙山、西临罗布泊、南依阿尔金山、北抵阿奇克谷地;面积超过2万km2。境内气候极端干旱,地貌类型复杂、沙丘类型多样,是"羽毛状沙丘"在我国的唯一分布区。受自然条件和技术装备等制约,一直是我国八大沙漠中综合科考的最后空白。2006年,"库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察"被列为首批国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目,历时4年,取得了丰硕成果,填补了多项沙漠科考和研究空白。主要包括:(1)首次发现、命名并定义了"沙砾碛"这一库姆塔格独特的地貌类型;初步探明了该沙漠独有的"羽毛状"沙丘的形态学特征及形成过程;(2)基本探明了库姆塔格沙漠地表沉积物的矿物组成及2个主要物源端元,揭示了晚新生代沉积物特征和地层序列;(3)初步确定了库姆塔格沙漠地区古风成砂的形成时代,并阐明了该沙漠的成因和演化过程;(4)初步查清了库姆塔格沙漠地区现代水系分布及水文特征,绘制完成中更新世晚期、汉、唐、清、民国、现代6个时期的水系演变图;(5)首次确认了库姆塔格沙漠土壤类型及其发育过程和区域分布特征;(6)首次建立了全方位、全天候、全覆盖的库姆塔格沙漠气象观测场,实现了基于卫星传输的气象数据实时采集,初步摸清了羽毛状沙丘形成的动力条件及周边气候演变趋势;(7)基本查清了库姆塔格沙漠野生动植物种群、数量和分布区域,特别是发现了沙生柽柳、白花柽柳、侧花沙蓬等6种植物的分布新区;(8)系统调查了国家一级保护动物双峰野骆驼种群及其生境,对野骆驼的行为生态学进行定位观测研究;(9)完成了沙漠及其周边地区的生态经济功能分区,提出了"大敦煌"区域可持续发展的战略对策,为拯救敦煌绿洲、保护敦煌文化遗产提供了重要科学依据。
The Kumtag Desert, the fourth largest sand desert covered mainly by mobile dunes and shifting sands, had remained as the last untouched natural desert to be fully investigated in a scientific way. Therefore,＂Integrated Scientific Expedition of the Kumtag Desert Programme＂was listed as one of nine key research programmes of China National Science and Technology Basic Research Programmes in December, 2006. The expedition team carried out two large-scale and multidisciplinary scientific expeditions from June 2007 to December 2009, to the Kumtag Desert and collected more than 20 sets of field samples and ground observations. Finally, the expedition team completed not only systematic and integrated scientific expedition of the Kumtag Desert and filled in the gap of the last unexplored desert in China, but also gained fruitful research results in many scientific research subjects. These research results included that：（i） A unique aeolian landform unit, sand-gravel-moraine, developed in the Kumtag Desert, was defined and named for the first time, and the morphologic characteristics of feather-like longitudinal sand dune and its formation process are initially proved;（ii） Two sources and mineral element composition of the surface sedimentation of the Kumtag Desert was determined, and the characteristics of the desert sedimentation and stratum chronology of the Later Cenozoic Era was illustrated;（iii） The chronology of the paleo-aeolian sand was essentially determined and the formation courses and evolution process of the desert was illustrated;（iv） The thorough investigations of water system distribution, hydrology,chemical characteristics of water of the Kumtag Desert were made and six Water System Evolution Maps of the Kumtag Desert were compiled from the Later Cenozoic Era to the contemporary age;（v） The types, formation processes and distribution of soil in the Kumtag Desert were fully determined;（vi）An all-direction, all-weather, full-coverage desert meteorology observation was established and the characteristics and trend of climate change of the Kumtag Desert and nearby districts were adequately illustrated;（vii） It is the first time that the distribution areas of six plant species, including Tamarix taklamakanensis, Tamarix albiflonum, Agriophyllum lateriflorum etc., were catalogued in the Desert;（viii） The varieties, population, quantity and distribution of the wild animal such as the Bactrian Camel （Camelus ferus Przewalski）, are now documented;And （ix） it is the first time that the ecological services and economic function subdivision zones of the Kumtag Desert were classified;the Framework of the Great Dunhuang Special Ecological-Economic Zone was proposed to realize the sustainable development strategy in population, resources, environment, ecology and economics in the Kumtag Desert and nearby districts.