文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：白及的花部特征与繁育系统

英文题名：Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Bletilla striata

作者：王彩霞[1] 田敏[1] 李全健[1] 刘芬[1]

第一作者：王彩霞

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所

年份：2012

卷号：39

期号：6

起止页码：1159-1166

中文期刊名：园艺学报

外文期刊名：Acta Horticulturae Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2011】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所专项资金项目(RISF6157;RISF6925);浙江省科技重大攻关项目(2010C02004-2)

语种：中文

中文关键词：白及;花部特征;花粉活力;柱头可授性;杂交指数;繁育系统

外文关键词：Bletilla striata; floral syndrome; pollen viability; stigma receptivity; out-crossing index breeding system

分类号：S68

摘要：通过野外观察、授粉特性分析、杂交指数估算及人工控制授粉试验等方法对白及野生居群的花部特征和繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明:在自然条件下,白及4—5月开花,群体花期约44 d,群体盛花期约12 d,集中在4月29日—5月10日,单株花期11～27 d,单花花期6～8 d。总状花序上具两性花3～11朵。在花朵开放的整个过程中,花药始终高于柱头且两者之间存在隔离。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团,无法散落至柱头。开花后3 d内花粉活力和柱头可授性均较高。白及杂交指数为4。无论去雄与否,套袋后的花均不结实,说明其不能进行自然的自花授粉和无融合生殖。白及人工自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株授粉的结实率分别为93.33%、90.00%和93.33%,自然条件下的结实率为5.26%。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团和缺乏有效的传粉媒介可能是白及自然条件下结实率低的主要原因。
Field investigation, out-crossing index estimation, pollination characteristics analysis and artificial pollination experiments were conducted on the floral syndrome and breeding system of Bletilla striata. The main results were as follows： Under natural conditions, the flowering stage of populations was approximately 44 days from April to May, and the majority of plants kept blooming in 29th April to 10th May. The flowering stage for individual plant was approximately 11 - 27 days and the life span of a single flower was about 6 - 8 days. The flowers of B. striata were bisexual, with 3 to 11 in a raceme. The anther always exceeded stigma during the whole flowering process. Mature pollen grains were grouped by viscous substances and couldn＇t disseminate to the stigma. The pollen viability and the stigma receptivity were both high within 3 days after blossoming. The out-crossing index was 4. Bagged flowers had no fruit setting regardless of emasculation or not, which indicated that there were no spontaneous autogamy and apomixis for B. striata. Fruit sets of manual self-pollination, goitonogamy and cross-pollination were 93.33%, 90.00% and 93.33% respectively, while fruit set under open pollination condition was only 5.26% It was concluded that mature pollen grains grouped by viscous substances and lack of efficient pollinator may be the major factor leading to low fruit set for B. striata in nature.