文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：两个香榧新品种美人指和早珍珠的选育

英文题名：Breeding report of two new Torreya grandis cultivars Meirenzhi and Zaozhenzhu

作者：曹永庆[1] 姚小华[1] 任华东[1] 王开良[1] 常君[1]

第一作者：曹永庆

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400

年份：2024

卷号：41

期号：8

起止页码：1700-1704

中文期刊名：果树学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Fruit Science

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100801);国家林业和草原局测试指南编制项目(201601)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：榧树;新品种;美人指;早珍珠

外文关键词：Torreya grandis;New cultivar;Meirenzhi;Zaozhenzhu

分类号：S664.5

摘要：美人指和早珍珠是2023年从浙江省嵊州市实生榧树中选育出的两个新品种,采用穗条嫁接方式繁育子代。美人指种实质量10.77 g,呈卵球形,种形指数1.69,鲜出核率26.8%,种核质量2.89 g,核形指数2.74,种核细长、种壳较薄,干核出仁率72.54%,种仁含油率59.1%,蛋白质含量(w,后同)13.1%,可溶性糖含量2.94%。早珍珠种实质量7.98 g,呈圆球形,种形指数1.21,鲜出核率33.7%,种核质量2.69 g,核形指数1.75,呈近卵球形,种壳极薄,干核出仁率达78.68%,种仁含油率57.6%,蛋白质含量11.0%,可溶性糖含量4.17%。两个品种在炒制加工后,均表现出极易脱衣、质地松脆、后味香甜、综合口感佳的特点,推广应用前景广阔。美人指4月上旬开花,种实9月上旬成熟;早珍珠花期较早,于3月下旬开花,10月上旬种实成熟,成熟期较迟。子代测定结果表明,两个品种的种实性状、种仁风味与母株表现一致,且早实性、丰产性和稳产性良好,适宜在浙江省及相似环境地区栽培。
Meirenzhi and Zaozhenzhu are two new cultivars selected from adult seedling trees of Torreya grandis in Shengzhou county of Zhejiang province in 2023.The progenies were cultivated by grafting method.Meirenzhi was initially found and selected in 2012 for its thin seed shell and excellent processing flavor,and Zaozhenzhu was initially found and selected in 2015 for its extremely thin shell,early anthesis and excellent processing flavor.The maternal plants of both Meirenzhi and Zaozhenzhu were discovered in two villages of Gulai town,Shengzhou county.The planting of Meirenzhi and Zaozhenzhu was expanded in 2013 and 2017 by grafting method,respectively.And the DUS testing was completed in November 2023.Finally,the two new cultivars of T.grandis were successfully registered in December 2023 after several years selection.The two cultivars are both tall and vigorous trees,whose crown shows a circular or semicircular shape with a height of 10-15 m.Meanwhile,the grafting progenies crown of Zaozhenzhu shows more compact and upright compared with Meirenzhi.Leaves of both cultivars are linear lanceolate.For Meirenzhi,the average leaf length and width are 2.15 cm and 0.32 cm,respectively.And for Zaozhenzhu,they are 2.12 cm and 0.31 cm,respectively.The upper epidermis of their leaves are dark green and the lower epidermis are light green.Both of the two cultivars are dioecism plants,the floral bud of female plant is a mixed bud.The seed with arillus encircled is drupaceous.The seed of Meirenzhi shows a nearly ovoid shape with thin nut,and the seed of Zaozhenzhu shows a spherical shape with nearly ovoid nut.And they are different from the shape of seeds of T.grandis‘Xifei’.The milky white fleshy roots usually distribute in the loose and ventilate soil at 10-50 cm underground.For Meirenzhi,the average mass of fresh seed is 10.77 g,and the average vertical and horizontal diameters of seeds are 3.81 cm and 2.25 cm,respectively.The average shape index of seeds is 1.69.The average ratio of fresh nut to seed is 26.8%.The mean weight of fresh nut is 2.89 g.The mean vertical and horizontal diameters of nuts are 3.46 cm and 1.26 cm,respectively.The mean shape index of nuts is 2.74.The mean ratio of dry kernel to nut is 72.54%.The oil content of dry kernel is 59.1%.The contents of soluble sugar and protein are 2.94%and 13.1%,respectively.For Zaozhenzhu,the average mass of fresh seed is 7.98 g,and the average vertical and horizontal diameters of seeds are 2.52 cm and 1.44 cm,respectively.The average shape index of seeds is 1.21.The average ratio of fresh nut to seed is 33.7%.The mean fruit weight of fresh nut is 2.68 g.The mean vertical and horizontal diameters of nuts are 2.48 cm and 1.42 cm,respectively.The mean shape index of nuts is 1.75.The mean ratio of dry kernel to nut is 78.68%.The oil content of dry kernel is 57.6%.The contents of soluble sugar and protein are 4.17%and 11.0%,respectively.The seed quality is excellent and the product performance is good.The market application prospect is broad in the future.In addition,the anthesis period of Meirenzhi is in early April,and the mature period is in early September of next year.The anthesis period of Zaozhenzhu is in late March,and the mature period is in early October of next year.The seedlings and young trees of both cultivars prefer cool and damp environments and fear high temperature,drought,waterlogging and intense sunlight.The mature trees show better environmental adaptability compared with young tress,which are resistant to cold,heat and slight drought to some extent.It shows good uniformity and stability by progeny testing,and the shape of seed and kernel quality are consistent with those of maternal plants.Their cultivation techniques are the same as T.grandis Xifei.It is suitable for cultivation throughout the distribution areas of wild T.grandis besides Zhejiang.The two cultivars need sandy and fertile soil with the pH value from 5.0 to 7.5.We suggest that 400-600 seedlings per hectare should be planted.The managements should focus on rational fertilization,efficient soil loosening,scientific pruning and integrated management of pests and diseases.