文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：林业文化遗产分类体系和认定标准初探

英文题名：Initial Exploration on the Classification System and Certification Standards of Forestry Cultural Heritage

作者：樊宝敏[1] 杨文娟[1] 张德成[1]

第一作者：樊宝敏

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所

年份：2019

卷号：0

期号：2

起止页码：34-39

中文期刊名：温带林业研究

外文期刊名：Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基金：中国林业科学研究院院基金项目“林业文化遗产调查与志书编撰”(CAFYBB2019ZC005)

语种：中文

中文关键词：林业文化遗产;分类体系;认定标准

外文关键词：forestry cultural heritage;classification system;certification standards

分类号：G122

摘要：林业文化遗产是我国传统文化的重要内容和宝贵财富,作为自然与文化遗产的一种新的类型,开始得到学术界的关注。在生态文明建设的新形势下,加强林业文化遗产的保护和发展,对于传承我国林业历史文化,增强林业可持续发展能力,拓展现代林业的社会功能,助力乡村振兴,推进生态文明建设都具有重要意义。而研究确立林业文化遗产的分类体系和认定标准,是林业文化遗产保护传承与有效利用的重要基础性工作。本文借鉴相关研究成果并结合林业文化遗产的特点,制定了林业文化遗产类型的三级分类体系,其中,一级分类包含林业物质文化遗产和林业非物质文化遗产2种类型;二级分类包含古树群落、野生动物、经济林、花木、园林、山水名胜、林业设施、林业产品、林业文献、林业习俗、林业技术等11种类型;三级分类包含若干种类型。上述类型的划分具有一定的相对性,在实际中可根据林业文化遗产的主要特点进行归类。同时,鉴于林业文化遗产类型的多样性,为保证林业文化遗产的科学规范认定,本文将林业文化遗产的认定标准从共性和个性两个方面进行研究设定。提出了从古老性、独特性、人文性、有益性、濒危性五个方面认定林业文化遗产的共性标准,并分别就11种林业文化遗产类型提出认定的个性标准。由于遗产认定的主要目的是为了有效保护,所以对不同类型遗产的古老性要求采取了灵活对待的办法,除大多类型要求须在百年以上外,也有一些类型如林业设施等可放宽到40年以上。本文所制定的分类体系和认定标准将在今后的应用中逐步完善。
Forestry cultural heritage is an important content and valuable wealth of Chinese traditional culture.As a new type of natural and cultural heritage,it has begun to attract the attention of academic circles.Under the new situation of ecological civilization construction,strengthening the protection and development of forestry cultural heritage is important for inheriting Chinese forestry history and culture,enhancing the sustainable development of forestry,expanding the social functions of modern forestry,boosting the revitalization of rural areas,and promoting the construction of ecological civilizatione.Studying and establishing the classification system and certification standards for forestry cultural heritage is the basic work for the protection,inheritance and effective utilization of forestry cultural heritage.Based on the relevant research and the characteristics of forestry cultural heritage,this study has developed a three-level classification system for forestry cultural heritage,in which the first-level classification contains two types:forestry material cultural heritage and forestry intangible cultural heritage.The secondary classification includes 11 types,including ancient tree communities,wildlife,economic forests,flowers and trees,gardens,scenic spots,forestry facilities,forestry products,forestry literature,forestry customs,forestry technologies,etc.The third-level classification contains several types.The classification of the above types has certain relativity and can be classified according to the main characteristics of forestry cultural heritage in practice.At the same time,in view of the diversity of forestry cultural heritage types,in order to ensure the scientific and standardized identification of forestry cultural heritage,this paper studies the identification criteria of forestry cultural heritage from two aspects of commonality and individuality.This paper puts forward the common standards for the identification of forestry cultural heritage from five aspects:ancient,unique,humanistic,beneficial and endangered,and proposes the individual standards for the identification of 11 types of forestry cultural heritage.Since the main purpose of heritage identification is to protect it effectively,the ancient requirements of different types of heritage have been adopted in a flexible manner.Except for the requirement that most types must be more than one hundred years,some types such as forestry facilities can be relaxed for more than 40 years.The classification system and certification standards developed in this paper will be gradually improved in the future applications.