文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：矿山废弃地土地复垦与生态恢复研究进展

英文题名：Review of studies on reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned land of mine

作者：魏远[1] 顾红波[2] 薛亮[1] 江泽平[1] 周金星[3] 郑施雯[4] 崔明[3] 杨建立[5]

第一作者：魏远

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091;[2]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100714;[3]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091;[4]宁波市环境保护科学研究设计院,浙江宁波315100;[5]山西潞安环能股份公司,山西长治046031

年份：2012

卷号：10

期号：2

起止页码：107-114

中文期刊名：中国水土保持科学

外文期刊名：Science of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：CSTPCD;;CSCD:【CSCD_E2011_2012】；

基金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题“耐空气、土壤污染植物种质筛选及快繁技术研究”(2006BAD03A0104);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“废弃矿区植被生态修复与安全屏障建设关键技术试验与示范”(2012BAC09B03);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题“耐污染生态林树木种质优选与示范”(2011BAD38B0103);山西潞安集团环保项目“矸石山浅层喷射注浆控火灭火植被恢复技术研究”

语种：中文

中文关键词：矿山废弃地;土地复垦;生态恢复;基质改善;废水

外文关键词：mined land; land reclamation; ecological restoration; soil-medium improvement; waste water

分类号：X322

摘要：矿山开采破坏环境、挤占耕地,诱发严重的社会问题。近几十年来,矿山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复已成为跨学科研究热点,然而,和欧美发达国家相比,我国矿山废弃地工作存在土地复垦比率低与复垦质量差的特点。矿山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复主要包括3方面:土壤重构、生物恢复和废水控制与处理。土壤重构技术主要包括物理、化学和工程措施,目标是重构适宜的土壤剖面和理化性质,重金属污染去除技术也是土壤重构的重要内容。生物修复可以划分为植物修复、土壤动物修复、土壤微生物修复以及菌根生物修复技术。就生态恢复和土地复垦的内涵、目标、基础理论和技术体系展开评述,并指出建立健全管理机构、明确资金来源对矿山废弃地复垦的重要性。同时认为应当加强矿山废弃地生态环境影响机制机制研究,采用3S技术和信息系统技术监测、评估和监管复垦工作,努力实现矿山废弃地环境损害减缓技术突破,建立矿山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复的理论体系与技术规范。
Mining exploitation not only caused occupation of cultivated land and environmental damage,but also induced a series of social problems.In the last decades reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned land of mine have become hot issues in interdisciplinary research.Compared with developed countries,reclamation of abandoned land of mines in China has the characteristics of lower rate and poorer quality.The main content of reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned mining area includes three aspects as follow,soil reconstruction;ecological restoration;control and treatment of wastewater.Main techniques of soil reconstruction consist of physical,chemical and biological treatments.Their aims are to reconstruct the suitable soil profiles,as well as physical and chemical characteristics.The technique of removing heavy metal pollution is also the main content of soil reconstruction.Bio-remediation techniques can be divided into phytoremediation,soil fauna restoration,soil microbes and micorrhizal remediation techniques.The paper analyzed the necessary of land reclamation and ecological restoration on abandoned mines,elaborated the theories of ecological restoration of abandoned land of mine,introduced the research status at home and abroad,especially summarized the technologies of the ecological restoration and land reclamation of abandoned mines.It also indicated the importance of identification of capital source,as well as the establishment and improvement of management mechanism.Study on the mechanism of ecosystem environment influence of abandoned land should also be strengthened.3S technology and information system technology are required to be adopted in monitoring,supervision and evaluation of reclamation work in the area of abandoned mines.It is strived to make technological breakthrough in alleviating the environmental damage for mining area,as well as to establish the theoretical system and technological standard for reclamation and ecological restoration in the area of abandoned mine.