文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区主要兽类相对多度变化和活动节律

英文题名：The relative abundance changes and diel activity patterns of the dominant mammals in Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve,China

作者：刘晓敏[1] 程芸[2] 王欣琪[2] 袁磊[2] 李佳[3] 张宇[1] 金崑[1,4] 薛亚东[1]

第一作者：刘晓敏

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091;[2]新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区管理局,乌鲁木齐830001;[3]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[4]中国林业科学研究院自然保护地研究所,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：5

期号：2

起止页码：62-73

中文期刊名：自然保护地

外文期刊名：Natural Protected Areas

基金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1200);新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区综合科学考察项目。

语种：中文

中文关键词：物种多样性;日活动节律;物种多度动态;罗布泊野骆驼保护区

外文关键词：species diversity;diel activity pattern;relative abundance;Lop Nur wild camel nature reserve

分类号：Q958.1

摘要：【目的】更新新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区野生动物资源本底数据,了解近10年保护区主要兽类相对多度变化和不同季节各物种的活动强度差异,以期为保护区珍稀濒危物种保护和管理提供科学依据。【方法】2021年5月至2022年8月间,在保护区内阿尔金山北麓区域布设了50台红外相机开展监测工作;计算物种相对多度指数(RAI),并与该地区10年前红外相机监测结果进行对比;使用核密度估计法分析不同季节保护区主要兽类的日活动节律。【结果】共记录到兽类12种,隶属4目7科。其中,国家一级重点保护野生动物5种,国家二级重点保护野生动物6种。与10年前相比,在6种食草动物中,除鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)和岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)外其余4个物种的RAI均有所下降;在6种食肉动物中,赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)的RAI有所下降,狼(Canis lupus)、雪豹(Panthera uncia)、猞猁(Lynx lynx)的RAI均有所增加。野骆驼(Camelus ferus)(时间重叠度指数Δ_(4)=0.89)和狼(Δ_(4)=0.56)在冷季和暖季的日活动节律差异极显著(P<0.001);鹅喉羚(Δ_(4)=0.84)和赤狐(Δ_(4)=0.78)在冷季和暖季的日活动节律差异显著(P<0.01)。【结论】①新增棕熊(Ursus arctos)至罗布泊野骆驼保护区红外相机监测物种名录;②10年间保护区主要兽类种群动态有所变化,食肉动物种群相对多度总体有所增加,而食草动物有所减少;③保护区兽类群落受水源和温度影响,其时空活动格局表现出差异;④建议保护区加强对长期持续监测工作的投入,及时掌握主要保护对象的种群动态变化,为保护区管理决策提供支持。
【Objectives】This research aims to enhance wildlife resource data of the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve,and to analyze variations in activity intensity among different species across seasons.The findings will provide insights for future reserve management and planning.【Methods】From May 2021 to August 2022,50 camera traps were deployed in the northern foothills of the Altun Mountains in the reserve to carry out monitoring work.The Relative Abundance Index(RAI)was calculated and compared with the index from the same area a decade ago.Kernel density estimation was applied to analyze the daily activity patterns of the principal species in the study area across different seasons.【Results】In total,12 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 7 families were identified.Of these,11 of the identified species were classified as nationally key protected wild animals.In comparison to data collected ten years prior,the RAI of all species belonging to the herbivorous category,with the exception of the goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa)and the blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur),has demonstrated a decline.Among the six carnivores,the RAI of the red fox(Vulpes vulpes)has declined,whereas the RAI of the wolf(Canis lupus),snow leopard(Panthera uncia),and lynx(Lynx lynx)have all increased.The daily activity patterns of the wild camel(Camelus ferus)(Δ_(4)=0.89)and wolf(Δ_(4)=0.56)exhibited highly significant differences between the cold and warm seasons(P<0.001).Similarly,the differences observed in the goitered gazelle(Δ_(4)=0.84)and red fox(Δ_(4)=0.78)were also significant(P<0.01).【Conclusions】(1)The brown bear(Ursus arctos)has been included in the list of species monitored by camera traps in Lop Nur Wild Camel Reserve.(2)The population dynamics of the principal animal species in the reserve have undergone significant alterations over the past decade.Specifically,there was an increase in the carnivore population size,which was in contrast with a decrease in the herbivore population size.(3)Influenced by variations in water source and temperature,the spatial and temporal patterns of the animal community within the reserve exhibited discrepancies.(4)It is recommended that protected areas increase their investment in long-term and continuous monitoring to promptly detect dynamic population changes and provide support for management decisions.