文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：喀斯特锑矿区优势乔木亮叶桦种群结构和年龄动态特征

英文题名：Population structure and age dynamic characteristics of dominant tree Betula luminifera in karst antimony mining area

作者：郑怡晖[1,2] 邢文黎[1,3] 杜忠毓[1] 史郦妃[4] 谭许脉[1] 肖江[1] 陈光才[1]

第一作者：郑怡晖

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400;[2]南京林业大学,南京210037;[3]新疆大学生态与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830017;[4]中国农业大学,北京100193

年份：2026

卷号：46

期号：3

起止页码：1242-1253

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC1807704)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：锑矿区;亮叶桦;种群动态;生态恢复

外文关键词：antimony mining area;Betula luminifera;population dynamics;ecological restoration

分类号：S718.54

摘要：锑矿开采导致土壤结构破坏、重(类)金属污染加剧和生物多样性丧失等问题。亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)作为晴隆喀斯特锑矿区唯一乔木植物,其种群结构和动态变化直接关乎该区生态系统结构和功能。以贵州晴隆锑矿区和对照区亮叶桦种群为研究对象,探究了其种群结构和动态变化。结果表明:(1)锑矿区亮叶桦幼龄、中龄和老龄个体比例为10:10:1,呈增长型结构。(2)锑矿区亮叶桦于Ⅳ龄级累计死亡率突增,而Ⅱ型存活曲线与老龄期较高的存活率及生命期望值可维持老龄期种群存续。(3)锑矿区亮叶桦可在锑矿区稳定增长,但其抗干扰能力弱(P_(max)=0.06%)。综上,锑矿区亮叶桦种群可较好适应锑矿环境,推动群落正向演替。该结果为喀斯特锑矿区的生态恢复和植被管理提供科学依据。
Antimony(Sb)mining casuses severe environmental challenges,particularly in terms of soil structure degradation,heavy(metalloid)metal contamination,and biodiversity loss due to the mining activity.Betula luminifera,as the dominant tree species in the karst antimony mining area,plays a pivotal role in shaping ecosystem structure and function through its population structure and dynamics.This study investigated B.luminifera population in both Sb mining area and control area in Qinglong County,Guizhou Province,China.Through static life table construction,survival curve analysis,quantitative dynamics index calculation,and time-series modeling,we elucidate their population structure and dynamics,thereby providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and vegetation management.The key findings include:(1)B.luminifera in the mining area exhibited an expanding population structure,with a ratio of juveniles to middle-aged to senescent individuals approximating 10∶10∶1.Specifically,juveniles dominated at 48.29%,followed by middle-aged individuals at 47.01%,while senescent individuals comprised only 4.70%.(2)As B.luminifera grows in Sb mining areas,heavy metal accumulation with in trees inevitably cause mortality risk.The survival rate of them exhibits significant fluctuations before age class IV,with particularly dramatic shifts between age class Ⅲ—Ⅳ,thereafter survival stabilizes beyond age class IV.The hazard rate exhibits an initial increase followed by stabilization.Collectively,these patterns indicate higher mortality in middle-aged.Critically,it was observed that cumulative mortality surged at age class Ⅳ,but the Type Ⅱ survivorship curve combined with higher survival rate and life expectancy in senescent stages maintained population persistence.(3)The number dynamic index of B.luminifera population in the mining area between adjacent age class was negative only for stages V2 and V7(<0),whereas all others were positive(5.17—66.67%).Further,the number dynamic index of population ignoring the external disturbance(V_(pi))reached 23.98%,while the number dynamic index of population considering the external disturbance(V'_(pi))was 1.5%.After age class 3,5,and 7 intervals,B.luminifera demonstrated substantial growth increases of 22.33%—227.83% for stages Ⅳ—Ⅷ,218.57%—1080% for stages Ⅴ—Ⅷ,and 738%—1550% for stages Ⅶ—Ⅷ,respectively.Consequently,B.luminifera population achieved stable growth in the mining area,yet demonstrated extremely low disturbance resistance(P_(max)=0.06%).To sum up,B.luminifera population adapts effectively to antimony-contaminated environment,thereby facilitating community succession toward advanced stages.These results provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and vegetation management in karst antimony mining regions.