文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：基于园林绿化废弃物堆肥的基质块配方和工艺研究

英文题名：Study on formula selection and production process of compressed cultivation matric based on green plant waste compost

作者：王一帆[1,2] 邹荣松[1,3] 孙向阳[2] 李素艳[2] 吴亚琦[1,3] 陈军华[1,3]

第一作者：王一帆

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所国家林业和草原局盐碱地研究中心,北京100091;[2]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083;[3]中国林业科学研究院黄河三角洲综合试验中心,山东东营257000

年份：2025

卷号：52

期号：1

起止页码：31-39

中文期刊名：安徽农业大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资项目(CAFYBB2021MB005);黄河三角洲学者专项经费资助项目(2020);东营市市校合作经费项目共同资助。

语种：中文

中文关键词：栽培基质块;园林绿化废弃物堆肥;热压成型;TOPSIS

外文关键词：compressed cultivation matric;green plant waste compost;thermo-compression formation;TOPSIS

分类号：S141.4

摘要：【目的】优化园林绿化废弃物堆肥栽培基质块的制备条件,改善其理化性质。【方法】以园林绿化废弃物堆肥、泥炭为主料,高吸水树脂为辅料,木胶粉为固化成型剂,通过热压成型的方法制备栽培基质块,利用单因素试验和正交设计寻找成型剂基质的最佳制备条件,比较各处理的理化性质,并通过TOPSIS综合评价方法和苜蓿栽培试验对基质块的特性进行评价。【结果】园林绿化废弃物堆肥栽培基质块成型的最佳配比为:各原料的体积比为堆肥+泥炭59%(堆肥∶泥炭=6∶4),珍珠岩30%,聚丙烯酸钾高吸水树脂1%,木胶粉10%;混合基质含水量50%。压缩密度0.5 g·cm^(-3),成型温度105℃时,压入模具后,在105℃烘箱中加热25 min,冷却15 min,脱模室温保存24 h。在该条件下,栽培基质块容重为0.51 g·cm^(-3),总孔隙度为47.15%,大小孔隙比为1∶3.33,跌损率为7.35%,膨胀系数为125.23%,初始吸水率为90.70%,72 h持水率降低了61%。基质块的综合评价排序为CK>T6>T9>T4>T1>T3>T8>T2>T5>T7,除T6外,T9、T4和T1处理与对照秸秆基压缩基质块的理化性质相似,可以考虑作为栽培基质使用。在苜蓿的栽培试验中,T2的表现最好,其次是T1和T4。【结论】通过将园林绿化废弃物堆肥与泥炭等材料混合压缩进行栽培基质块的制作,制成的栽培基质块具有较好的理化性状,可以进行苜蓿的育苗栽培。该基质块配方少,制作简单,使用方便,对我国园林绿化废弃物堆肥栽培基质块的开发和无土栽培技术的推广使用具有重要意义。
[Objective]This research delved into optimizing the production conditions of compressed cultivation matric using green plant waste compost to bolster its physical and chemical attributes.[Method]The matric fabrication involved thermo-compression with green compost and peat as the primary components,supplemented by a superabsorbent polymer,and additionally,wood adhesive powder was added as a curing agent.Through single factors and orthogonal analysis experiments,the optimal parameters for the molding agent were determined.The resulting matric was evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of its physical and chemical properties,TOPSIS assessment and alfalfa cultivation experiments.[Result]Findings revealed the ideal composition to be 59%green compost and peat(in a volume ratio of 6∶4),30%perlite,1%potassium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymer,and 10%wood adhesive powder,with water added to achieve 50%moisture content.Thermo-compression conditions were optimized with a compression density of 0.5 g·cm^(-3),molding temperature of 105℃,and after being pressed into the mold,the substrate blocks were heated for 25 min in an oven at 105°C,then cooled for 15 min,and demolded at room temperature storage for 24 h.Under these conditions,the bulk density of the cultivation substrate blocks was 0.51 g·cm^(-3),the total porosity was 47.15%,the ratio of large to small pores was 1∶3.33,the abrasion loss rate was 7.35%,the expansion coefficient was 125.23%,the initial water absorption rate was 90.70%,and the water retention rate decreased by 61%after 72 h.TOPSIS analysis ranked the matrics as CK>T6>T9>T4>T1>T3>T8>T2>T5>T7 based on a comprehensive evaluation of the aforementioned indicators.Apart from T6,the substrates in the treatments of T9,T4 and T1 were similar to the physical and chemical properties of the control straw-based compressed substrate blocks,and could be considered for using as cultivation substrates.Among the treatments,T2 showcased superior performance in alfalfa cultivation,followed by T1 and T4.By mixing and compacting green compost with materials such as peat to create cultivation substrate blocks,the resulting blocks had good physical and chemical properties suitable for the seedling cultivation of alfalfa.[Conclusion]This substrate block formula is economical,easy to produce,and convenient to use,which is of significant importance for the development of composted garden waste cultivation substrate blocks in China and the promotion of soilless cultivation technology.