文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：阿尔金山-祁曼塔格山豺种群活动节律和适宜生境分布

英文题名：Activity Patterns and Suitable Habitat Distribution of Dholes Cuon alpinus Populations in the Altun-Qimantag Mountains

作者：马永胜[1] 贺孜尔汗·萨塔尔[1] 王天晖[1] 胡阿提·哈比亚西[1] 高帅帅[2] 李希[3] 张于光[4] 张溢[4] 黄太福[4] 丛微[4] 徐俊泉[5] 程芸[6] 李佳[2]

第一作者：马永胜

机构：[1]甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区管护中心,阿克塞736400;[2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,荒漠生态系统与全球变化国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091;[3]国家林业和草原局国家公园(自然保护地)发展中心,北京100714;[4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091;[5]新疆巴州阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局,库尔勒841000;[6]新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区管理局,乌鲁木齐830011

年份：2025

卷号：60

期号：6

起止页码：801-813

中文期刊名：动物学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Zoology

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：2023年甘肃省林业和草原局自列省级林业和草原科技项目(No.2023kj50);雪豹分布专项调查研究技术咨询项目(甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区管护中心委托项目);国家自然科学基金项目(No.32201430);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(No.2021xjkk1200)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：豺;红外相机技术;物种分布模型;保护空缺;阿尔金山

外文关键词：Dhole;Camera trapping;Species distribution model;Protection gap;Altun Mountains

分类号：Q958

摘要：掌握豺(Cuon alpinus)的活动节律和适宜生境分布特征,对于理解该物种适应环境变化的生存策略及制订科学保护措施具有重要意义。本研究于2020年1月至2024年7月期间,在阿尔金山-祁曼塔格山区域综合运用红外相机技术和样线调查,通过核密度估计方法分析豺在雨季(5至8月)和旱季(9至翌年4月)日活动节律,并基于物种分布模型评估其适宜生境分布格局与保护空缺。主要结果如下:(1)布设在研究区域的134台红外相机累计工作67864个相机日,在31个点位共获得118次豺独立有效记录,包括旱季89次和雨季29次,其中9月记录频次最高;(2)豺呈现典型的集小群活动特征,平均集群(1.6±1.4)只,最大集群8只;日活动节律呈晨昏双峰型;(3)R 4.4.2软件biomod2包的10种模型中,广义推进模型(GBM)模拟效果最好,最大熵模型(MAXENT)评分最低;真实技巧统计值(TSS)为0.987,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.997,表明模型预测结果优秀;(4)环境因子贡献率分析显示,气温年较差(Bio7)、雪水当量(Swe)和最干季平均气温(Bio9)主导适宜生境分布;(5)研究区域豺适宜生境总面积为18484.28 km^(2),包括中度适宜生境13497.47 km^(2)和高度适宜生境4986.81 km^(2),其中45.44%位于现有保护区内,核心分布区集中于罗布泊、安南坝保护区及祁曼塔格山东麓。本研究揭示了阿尔金山-祁曼塔山地区豺的生态适应性特征,可为该区域保护规划及拟建昆仑山国家公园的生态系统管理提供科学依据。
[Objectives]Understanding the activity patterns and suitable habitat distribution of Dholes Cuon alpinus is crucial for comprehending its survival strategies in response to environmental changes and formulating effective conservation measures.[Methods]From January 2020 to July 2024,we used both infrared camera trapping and transect methods to conduct comprehensive surveys in the Altun-Qimantag Mountains.Through kernel density estimation,we analyzed the daily activity patterns of Dholes during rainy(May-August)and dry seasons(September-April),and evaluated their suitable habitat distribution along with protection gaps using species distribution models.The analysis was performed in R(version 4.4.2),primarily relying on the activity and biomod2 packages.[Results](1)The 134 camera traps deployed across the study area accumulated 67864 effective camera trap days,capturing 118 independent valid records(89 independent records in the dry season and 29 in the rainy season)of Dholes at 31 locations(Table 1),with September showing the highest record frequency.(2)Dholes exhibited typical small group-living behavior with average group size of 1.6±1.4 ind.(maximum observed group size:8 ind.),displaying crepuscular bimodal activity patterns(Fig.2).(3)Among 10 models in biomod2 package in R 4.4.2,the Generalized Boosting Model(GBM)performed the best and the MAXENT model performed the worst.The ensemble model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy,with the TSS and AUC values of combined model being 0.987 and 0.997,respectively(Fig.3).(4)Variable contribution analysis revealed that annual temperature range(Bio7,72.87%)snow water equivalent(Swe,37.75%),and mean temperature of driest quarter(Bio9,32.16%)were the dominant factors influencing habitat suitability(Figs.3,4).(5)The total suitable habitat area covered 18484.28 km2(moderately suitable:13497.47 km2;highly suitable:4986.81 km22),with only 45.44%being within protected areas.Core distribution areas were concentrated in Lop Nur and An'nanba Nature Reserve,along with the eastern slopes of Qimantag Mountains(Fig.5).[Conclusion]This study provides the systematic documentation of ecological adaptation characteristics of Dholes in the Altun-Qimantag Mountains,offering scientific foundations for regional conservation planning and ecosystem management of the proposed Kunlun Mountains National Park.