文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：留树保鲜对恭城水柿果实品质、贮藏特性及翌年果实产量和品质的影响

英文题名：Effects of plant regulators and leaf fertilization on fruit quality,storage ability of persimmon on-tree storage and yield and quality of the fruits next season

作者：杨旭[1] 林清[2] 黄丽[2] 刘翠玉[1] 徐阳[1] 吴开云[1] 龚榜初[1]

第一作者：杨旭

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400;[2]恭城瑶族自治县农业农村局,广西恭城542500

年份：2023

卷号：40

期号：11

起止页码：2435-2445

中文期刊名：果树学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Fruit Science

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项柿枣新品种选育(2021C02066-10)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：水柿;留树保鲜;果实品质;贮藏特性;翌年产量品质

外文关键词：Persimmon;On-tree storage;Fruit quality;Storage ability;Yield and quality of the fruit in next year

分类号：S665.2

摘要：【目的】探讨激素和叶面肥喷施对留树保鲜水柿的果实品质、贮藏特性及翌年产量和品质的影响,为水柿果实留树保鲜提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】在花后170~214 d每隔7~15 d分别喷施75%的GA_(3)50000倍液、0.01%2,4表芸薹素内酯2800倍液及可溶性叶面肥800倍液3次(处理Ⅰ)、4次(处理Ⅱ)和5次(处理Ⅲ),同时增施0.5%的尿素和0.5%磷酸二氢钾作为追肥,以成熟后自然挂果、不增加追肥量的植株作为对照,比较不同处理对不同采摘时间果实的色泽、营养成分含量、果实质地及贮藏特性的影响,并探讨留树保鲜措施对翌年果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】激素和叶面肥喷施导致果实色泽转变和营养成分转化延迟,减缓水柿硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性的下降,且处理组的果实在贮藏期营养成分含量和质地的下降相比对照组更缓慢,其中喷施混合液3次(处理Ⅰ)的延缓效果更为显著。同时与对照组相比,处理组延迟采收后植株翌年的果实产量、果实大小和优质果率并无显著差异。【结论】留树保鲜技术能有效延迟水柿果实的成熟,且不会对果实品质、贮藏特性和翌年的产量、品质造成影响。因此,在近成熟期喷施3次GA3、表芸薹素内酯和可溶性叶面肥是水柿留树保鲜最经济有效的方案。
【Objective】Persimmon is widely cultivated in China,and it has a very large area in Gongcheng County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,with one fifth of total yield of persimmon in China.However,in each year,the concentrated maturation of persimmon fruits causes a huge challenge for preserving and merchandising the fresh fruits to the growers and merchants.On-tree storage is an efficient measure to extend the harvest of fruits which has been successfully applicated on orange(Citrus sinensis),apple(Malus domestica),mango(Mangifera indica)and other fruits.In production,growers often use gibberellins to delay the persimmon maturation.However,in appropriate concentrations and times of spray or no extra fertilization would cause the easy softness and yield loss of the persimmon fruits.Therefore,this study aimed to determine the quality changes of persimmon fruits treated with plant regulators and leaf fertilization during on-tree storage period and cold storage period(4℃),and also to detect the effects on next-year fruit quality and yield,in order to provide a theoretical basis for persimmon on-tree storage.【Methods】The persimmon fruits were treated by 75%GA_(3soluble)powder(1 in 5000 diluent),0.01%2,4-epibrassinolide missible oil(1 in 2800 diluent),and leaf fertilizer with content of 12%available nitrogen,12%available phosphorus,10%calcium and 2%boron(1 in800 diluent).The experiments were carried out during 170 days to 201 days after anthesis for three times(TreatmentⅠ),during 170 days to 208 days after anthesis for four times(TreatmentⅡ),and during 170 days to 214 days after anthesis for five times(TreatmentⅢ).The treated trees used in these experiments were additionally fertilized with 0.5%urea and 0.5%KH_2PO_(4during)post-harvest.The trees with sprays of water and without additional fertilizer were used as control(CK).The difference of fruit color like a*,b*and C value,contents of nutritional substances such as carotenoid,soluble sugar,ascorbic acid and titratable acid,and fruit texture like hardness,springiness,cohesiveness and chewiness were determined during on-tree storage period and storage period.Also,the effects on fruit quality,fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitude diameter,fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,fruit yield and ratio of high-quality fruits of individual plant next year were investigated.【Results】(1)The a*value(color component of red and green),b*value(color component of yellow and blue)and C value(chroma)of fruit peel color gradually increased with the maturing of the fruits.Also,the content of carotenoid,soluble sugar and titratable acid were gradually increased,and the content of ascorbic acid firstly increased and then decreased with the duration of fruit on-tree.The fruit hardness,springiness,cohesiveness and chewiness all decreased with the fruit maturity.The trends of fruit color,fruit nutrition constituent and texture of three treatments were the same as control,but the trends were delayed about 30 days,which indicated that the treatment could retard the downswing of fruit color,nutritional ingredients and texture.(2)The fruit carotenoid and soluble sugar firstly increased and then descend,while ascorbic acid and titratable acid gradually decreased during cold storage period.The fruit hardness,springiness,cohesiveness and chewiness all decreased with the prolonging of storage time.The treatment of plant regulators and leaf fertilization could delay the occurrence of the peak or flatten the decrease trends of the fruit nutritional substance and fruit texture.The storage time of treatmentⅠcould up to 75 days,which was longer than those of the other treatments and control.The storage time of treatmentⅡandⅢwere the same or shorter than that of the controls.(3)The treatments did not change the fruit transverse length,fruit longitude length,fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,fruit yield and ratio of high-quality fruit compared with the CK.(4)The on-tree storage was an effective method to prolong the supply period of persimmon and treatmentⅠwas more efficient than other treatment.【Conclusion】The spray of plant regulators and leaf fertilization on the trees of perssimon could retard the accumulation of nutritiona substance contents of the fruits on-tree storage,reduce the ageing of the fruits during on-tree storage period and cold storage period and not cause the decline of fruit quality and yield next year.So it would be an effective way to prolong the supply period of persimmon 3 times of spray would be most efficient and economical in practice.