文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：对“三北”工程区退化林修复策略的思考

英文题名：Thoughts on Restoration Strategies of Degraded Plantations in the Area of China’s Great Green Wall Project

作者：崔桂鹏[1,2] 党宏忠[1,2] 熊伟[1] 王锋[1] 李永华[1] 姚斌[1] 崔梦淳[1] 孔维远[1,2] 卢琦[1,2]

第一作者：崔桂鹏

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[2]三北工程研究院,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：61

期号：1

起止页码：10-16

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：;EI(收录号：20250717868844);北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2024MC020,CAFYBB2024ZA002,CAFYBB2023ZA008-06);国家林业和草原局揭榜挂帅项目(202401);国家自然科学基金项目(32101592);科学技术部科技基础资源调查专项项目(2022FY202300)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：退化林;"三北"工程;退化林修复;防护林

外文关键词：degraded plantations;the Great Green Wall Project;restoration of degraded plantations;shelterbelt

分类号：Q958.15;S154.5

摘要：自1978年“三北”工程启动以来,营建了大面积防护林、公益林,对筑牢我国北方生态安全屏障起到关键作用。“三北”工程早期营建的部分防护林出现老化、退化问题后,国家在“三北”工程区先后部署退化林修复相关的工程任务,目的是维护“三北”防护林体系完整性和生态功能的正常发挥。针对“三北”工程六期退化林修复亟需回答的复杂科学问题,本研究将“三北”工程区退化林限定为生长出现明显衰退、生态功能出现明显下降的人工林(含灌木)。退化林修复不仅要解决表征性林分退化,更要解决系统性土壤退化;发生系统性退化的根本原因是后期管护不到位,致使土壤和水分条件发生退化,而后期管护面临的最大限制性因素是水分。“三北”工程区幅员辽阔,退化成因的自然、灾害、生理、设计和人为因素叠加效应明显。首先,应根据自然禀赋特征进行退化林修复分区、分类、分级,确保精准施策;其次,考虑将过去以植被表征性为主的退化判定指标逐步升级为以植被功能性为主、结合表征性的判定退化指标。建议按退化程度的分级(轻度、中度、重度退化),采取针对性的封育保护、补植补播和更新改造等修复策略。本研究提出提高林分全周期经营管护水平的管护制度建议,以期为“三北”工程退化林修复、制定相关技术规程和政策保障提供参考思路。
Since the inception of the Three-North Shelter Forest Project(also known as the Great Green Wall Project,GGWP)in 1978,extensive tracts of artificial shelter forests and public welfare forests have been established.This initiative has been instrumental in fortifying the ecological security barrier in northern China.In the early phases of the GGWP,certain shelterbelts constructed therein have undergone degradation.In response,the Chinese government has commenced the allocation of tasks related to the restoration of these degraded plantations within the project framework.The overarching objective is to ensure the continued efficacy of the ecological protection functions of the ecosystem in the GGWP area.In light of the scientific issues emerging from the research on the degradation of shelterbelts during the sixth phase of the GGWP,this paper undertakes a comprehensive and meticulous analysis of the definition,scope,causative factors,and restoration strategies pertaining to the problem of degraded plantations.It further presents an overarching systematic approach and corresponding countermeasures.The degraded plantations within the GGWP area,as defined in this study,are artificial plantations(including shrubs)that exhibit pronounced growth decline and a substantial reduction in ecological functions,such as windbreak and aeolian sand fixation.The restoration of degraded plantations not only needs to address the overt degradation of plantations but also needs to address the underlying systematic land degradation.The fundamental cause of this systematic degradation is attributed to inadequate post-construction management.This deficiency,in turn,leads to the deterioration of both soil and water conditions.In this region,water emerges as the most limiting factor for post-construction management.This study conducts an in-depth and exhaustive analysis of the natural,disaster-related,physiological,design-related,and anthropogenic factors that instigate the degradation of plantations in the GGWP area.Given the vast expanse of the GGWP area,the restoration of degraded plantations should commence with a classification,grading,and zoning process based on the characteristics of natural endowments,followed by the implementation of targeted and precise measures.Regarding the restoration of degraded plantations in the GGWP,the traditional degradation assessment index system,which predominantly relies on the visual appearance of vegetation,should be gradually transitioned into a system that integrates the functional attributes of vegetation with appearance-related indicators.The article also suggests to categorize the degradation degree into mild,moderate,and severe levels,and to implement distinct levels of enclosure protection,replanting,or resowing restoration strategies accordingly.Finally,this paper aims to enhance the management and protection of plantations throughout full-cycle.Additionally,it advocates for the establishment and refinement of a comprehensive full-cycle management and protection system for plantations.This study is expected to offer valuable insights and reference points for China’s endeavors in the restoration of degraded plantations within the GGWP and the formulation of relevant technical measures and regulations.