文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中外有机农业发展比较及中国有机农业的热点难点问题解析

英文题名：Organic Agriculture Development:At Home and Abroad

作者：孔四新[1,2] 李海奎[3] Shuya K[4] 崔建平[5]

第一作者：孔四新

机构：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院;[2]世纪神农(北京)国际生物技术有限公司;[3]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所;[4]加利福尼亚大学;[5]河南省济源市水利局

年份：2016

卷号：6

期号：8

起止页码：64-69

中文期刊名：农学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Agriculture

收录：CSTPCD

语种：中文

中文关键词：有机农业;问题;对策

外文关键词：organic agriculture; problem; countermeasure

分类号：S-1

摘要：中国的有机农业认证面积居全球第四位,整体水平较低。存在问题有:有机产品单元规模小、产业化水平和附加值较低;单纯强调产品安全卫生质量,而忽视生态协调、环境友好的理念和实践;现代生物防治技术、生物肥料技术、除草技术研究和推广滞后,不能满足有机农业规模发展的要求,生产成本高;山区有机农业基地的水土流失问题突出、土壤和大气污染对有机农业带来新的安全风险;国内有机认证尚未与国际接轨,缺乏国际竞争力。笔者就这些问题提出对策:将有机农业作为生态文明建设的重要组成部分开展普及教育和宣传;国家对有机农业项目重点扶持;开展国家层面的特色有机农业规模基地规划;完善有机食品专业人员的资格认定、职业规范,建立有机农业诚信体系;各大院所、有机农业相关机构和生产企业应加强合作,促进有机农业产学研结合,延长有机农业产业链;重视山区有机农业的水土保持问题,加强对区域有机农业基地土壤和大气污染的防控和预警;制定与国际标准接轨的、切实可行的有机农业标准体系,推动国际间有机证书的互认,提高中国有机产品的国际竞争力。
China ranks the fourth in the world in organic agriculture area certified,but the overall level isrelatively low.The main problems include small scale of organic product unit,low industrialization level andadded value;simply focusing on product safety and hygiene quality,while ignoring the ecological harmony,andenvironment friendly theory and practice;undeveloped modern biological controlling technology,biologicalfertilizer,weeding technology and technical promotion,which cannot satisfy the requirements of scaledevelopment of organic agriculture,and high production cost;severe soil and water loss in organic agricultureproduction in mountainous area,new security risks brought by soil and atmospheric pollution;inconformity ofdomestic organic certification to international standards,and lack of international competitiveness.Thecountermeasures were proposed as：promoting education and publicity of organic agriculture as an importantpart of ecological civilization construction;enhancing the country＇s support for organic agriculture development;conducting assistance of characteristic scale base planning at national level;improvingprofessional standards of organic food identification,professional qualifications,and the establishment of creditsystem of organic agriculture;promoting cooperation of universities,related institutions and productionenterprises for the integration of organic agriculture research and production,and the extension of the organicagricultural industry chain;paying attention to the problem of soil and water conservation in mountainous area,strengthening the prevention and control and early warning of regional organic agricultural soil andatmospheric pollution;developing feasible organic agriculture standard system that could integrate withinternational standards,promoting international organic certification accreditation and improving theinternational competitiveness of China＇s organic products.