文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：羌塘高原地区藏野驴和野牦牛夏季生境选择分析

英文题名：Analysis of Summer Habitat Selection of Equus kiang and Bos mutus in the Changtang Plateau

作者：郑凯[1,2] 左卫海[1,2] 金崑[1,2]

第一作者：郑凯

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院自然保护地研究所,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：5

期号：1

起止页码：44-53

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：西藏自治区林业和草原局“西藏野驴专项调查项目”(91119-2022);“野牦牛种群基因调查监测项目”(91113-2023)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：藏野驴;野牦牛;生境选择;随机森林;羌塘高原

外文关键词：Kiang;Wild yak;habitat selection;random forest;Changtang Plateau

分类号：S863;Q958

摘要：【目的】藏野驴(Equus kiang)和野牦牛(Bos mutus)是西藏羌塘高原地区主要的大型食草动物,具有重要的保护价值。鉴于其生境选择规律研究较为薄弱和需要深入探索,旨在进一步明确羌塘高原藏野驴和野牦牛生境选择特征,分析二者在夏季的生境选择差异及影响因素,为这2种动物的保护措施制定和高寒生态系统保护提供科学依据。【方法】2024年8—9月,在西藏阿里和那曲地区进行藏野驴和野牦牛野外生境调查,共调查了280个样方,测定了13个生境因子,利用Mann-Whitney U检验、卡方检验、Vanderploeg选择系数、Scavia选择指数、随机森林模型和SHAP值的方法对藏野驴和野牦牛夏季生境选择进行分析。【结果】1)在藏野驴和野牦牛的夏季生境利用之间,存在海拔、坡度、草本丰富度、草本覆盖度、草本高度、距居民点距离、坡位方面的极显著差异(P<0.001),在草本数量、距道路距离、距水源距离、植被类型和地表基质方面存在显著差异(P<0.01)。2)重要性排名前五的生境因子是海拔、距道路距离、坡度、草本高度和距居民点的距离。3)藏野驴和野牦牛在羌塘高原的生境选择表现出明显差异,藏野驴偏好海拔较低、坡度较缓、接近居民点和道路的生境,而野牦牛倾向于选择高海拔、陡坡、远离水源和道路的生境。【结论】羌塘高原地区的藏野驴和野牦牛在夏季生境选择上存在显著差异,藏野驴栖息地的海拔相对较低且与人类活动区域接触更频繁,建议在藏野驴与人类活动冲突区域设立缓冲区,以减少人兽冲突。野牦牛的栖息地要求海拔更高且植被条件较好,建议在保护措施中优先考虑高海拔草甸的保护和恢复,以维持野牦牛的栖息地完整性。
【Objective】Kiang(Equus kiang)and Wild yak(Bos mutus)are the main large herbivores in the Changtang Plateau of Xizang and have important conservation value.Given that the research on their habitat selection patterns is relatively weak and needs in-depth exploration,this study aims to further clarify the habitat selection characteristics of Tibetan wild donkeys and wild yaks in the Changtang Plateau,analyze the differences in habitat selection and influencing factors between the two in summer,and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of protection measures for these two animals and the protection of alpine ecosystems.【Method】From August to September 2024,a field habitat survey of Kiang and Wild yaks was conducted in Ali and Naqu areas of Xizang.A total of 280 sample plots were surveyed and 13 habitat factors were measured.The Mann-Whitney U test,chi-square test,Vanderploeg selection coefficient,Scavia selection index,random forest model and SHAP value were used to analyze the summer habitat selection of Kiang and Wild yaks.【Result】1)There were extremely significant differences in summer habitat use between Kiang and Wild yaks in terms of altitude,slope,herbaceous richness,herbaceous coverage,herbaceous height,distance from residential areas,and slope position(P<0.001),and significant differences in herbaceous quantity,distance from roads,vegetation type,surface matrix,and distance from water sources(P<0.01).2)The top five habitat factors in terms of importance were altitude,distance from roads,slope,herbaceous height,and distance from residential areas.3)Kiang and Wild yaks showed significant differences in habitat selection on the Qiangtang Plateau.Kiang preferred habitats with lower altitudes,gentler slopes,and close to residential areas and roads,while Wild yaks tended to choose habitats with higher altitudes,steep slopes,and far from water sources and roads.【Conclusion】There were significant differences in summer habitat selection between Kiang and Wild yaks in the Changtang Plateau.The altitude of the Kiang habitat was relatively low and it was more frequently in contact with human activity areas.It is recommended to set up buffer zones in areas of conflict between Kiang and human activities to reduce human-animal conflicts.The habitat of Wild yaks requires higher altitudes and better vegetation conditions.It is recommended to give priority to the protection and restoration of high-altitude meadows in conservation measures to maintain the integrity of the Wild yak’s habitat.