文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：黑龙江大兴安岭林区雷击火与人为火发生规律及变化趋势

英文题名：Occurrence Pattern and Changing Trend of Lightning Induced Fires and Human-caused Fires in Daxing’anling Forest Region of Heilongjiang Province

作者：李伟克[1] 舒立福[1] 王明玉[1] 李威[1] 司莉青[1] 赵凤君[1] 李笑笑[1] 周暖阳[1]

第一作者：李伟克

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2024

卷号：60

期号：4

起止页码：136-146

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2023ZA002,CAFYBB2021ZB001);国家林业和草原局森林雷击火防控-揭榜挂帅项目(2023132032)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：黑龙江;大兴安岭;雷击火;人为火;变化趋势;对比分析

外文关键词：Heilongjiang;Daxing’anling;lightning fire;human-caused fire;trend;comparative analysis

分类号：S762

摘要：【目的】对比分析黑龙江大兴安岭林区雷击火与人为火发生规律的差异性变化,为研究区针对性的开展火源管理及合理制定火灾防控政策提供科学依据和参考。【方法】基于研究区1966—2021年间发生的森林火灾数据,按火因归类筛选出雷击火和人为火,通过方差分析、线性拟合等方法对比分析雷击火与人为火在不同时间尺度上的发生差异、规律变化及火灾季的变化趋势。【结果】1966—2021年间研究区共发生森林火灾1887起,其中雷击火932起,人为火503起,占比分别为49.39%和26.66%。雷击火与人为火在发生年份、月份和时段等不同时间尺度上均有显著差异。研究区雷击火数量呈波动增加,而人为火数量呈波动减少的趋势,尤其是1987年之后研究区雷击火数量逐渐高于人为火,但从整体看研究区森林火灾总数变化并不显著。从火灾面积来看,研究区雷击火面积整体呈增加趋势,而人为火和总森林火灾面积呈减少趋势。研究区雷击火集中发生在6、7月份,人为火多发生于4、5月份,且呈现夏季防火期雷击火数量显著增多,但雷击火面积变化并不显著,春季防火期人为火数量和面积显著减少的变化趋势。从发生时段上看,研究区人为火高发时段为10:00—15:00,而雷击火高发期在12:00—17:00。雷击火和人为火在不同时间尺度上的变化差异造成了研究区火灾季节的变动,其中雷击火灾季呈延后扩张的趋势,人为火灾季呈逐渐缩短的趋势,总森林火灾季呈收缩变短的趋势。【结论】受气候变化及防火政策的影响,黑龙江大兴安岭雷击火与人为火之间的发生规律具有明显的差异性,根据不同火灾类型的发生特点和变化趋势,开展针对性的火灾防控工作是有效降低研究区森林火灾风险的必要前提。
【Objective】This study aims to provide a scientific basis and reference for the targeted fire management and rational formulation of fire prevention and control policies in the study area by comparing and analyzing the differential changes in the occurrence patterns of lightning fires and human-caused fires in Daxing’an Mountains,Heilongjiang Province.【Method】Based on the forest fire data in the study area between 1966 and 2021,lightning fires and human-caused fires were categorized by fire cause,and the differences in the occurrence of lightning fires and human-caused fires at different time scales,changes in patterns and trends in the fire season were compared and analyzed by means of ANOVA and linear fitting.【Result】A total of 1887 forest fires occurred in the study area between 1966 and 2021,of which 932 were lightning fires and 503 were human-caused fires,accounting for 49.39%and 26.66%respectively.There were significant differences between lightning fires and human-caused fires on different time scales such as year,month and period of occurrence.The number of lightning fires in the study area showed a fluctuating increase,while the number of human-caused fires showed a fluctuating decrease,especially after 1987,the number of lightning fires in the study area gradually increased compared to that of human-caused fires,but the overall change in the total number of forest fires in the study area was not significant.In terms of fire area,the overall area of lightning fires had an increasing trend in the study area,while the area of human-caused fires and total forest fire had a decreasing trend.The lightning fires in the study area mainly occurred in June and July,while human-caused fires occurred mostly in April and May.There was a trend of significant increase in the number of lightning fires during summer forest fire prevention period,but the change in the area of lightning fires was not significant.However,there were significant decreases in the number and area of human-caused fires during spring forest fire prevention period.From the perspective of occurrence time,the period of high incidence of human-caused fires in the study area was from 10:00 to 15:00,while the period of high incidence of lightning fires was from 12:00 to 17:00.The difference between lightning fires and human-caused fires at different time scales resulted in a change in the fire season in the study area,with the lightning fire season showing a delayed expansion,the human-caused fire season showing a gradual shortening,and the total forest fire season showing a contraction and shortening.【Conclusion】Due to climate change and fire prevention policies,there are obvious differences in the occurrence patterns between lightning fires and human-caused fires in Daxing’an Mountains,Heilongjiang Province.Targeted fire prevention and control efforts based on the occurrence characteristics and changing trends of different fire types are a necessary prerequisite for effectively reducing forest fire risks in the study area.