文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：植物对不同类型湿地污染物的去除机制

英文题名：Removal mechanisms of different types of pollutants in the wetland

作者：李晶[1,2,3] 崔丽娟[1,2,3] 张曼胤[1,2,3] 李伟[1,2,3] 雷茵茹[1,2,3] 潘旭[1,2,3] 蔡张杰[1,2,3]

第一作者：李晶

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091;[2]湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091;[3]北京汉石桥湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京101399

年份：2018

卷号：39

期号：3

起止页码：1-7

中文期刊名：水生态学杂志

外文期刊名：Journal of Hydroecology

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项青年项目(CAFYBB2016QA020);国家自然科学基金项目(41601577)

语种：中文

中文关键词：植物;湿地;污染物;去除机制

外文关键词：plants;wetland;pollutants;removal mechanisms

分类号：X52;Q948.8

摘要：植物在湿地水质净化过程中起到了重要作用,尤其是植物根际为污染物的去除提供了非常有利的环境。主要论述了湿地植物对不同类型的污染物包括过量氮磷、重金属以及有机污染物的去除机制。虽然去除机制不尽相同,但主要通过植物的主动吸收和被动吸收等直接作用将各类污染物运输至植物体内,并通过迁移转化等过程最终被植物所固定。植物的生物量尤其是根系生物量、植物种类和其凋落物均对植物的吸收作用有显著影响。此外植物还通过根际环境影响微生物的数量和活性间接去除污染物,微生物可通过自身的代谢包括分解、转化和螯合作用实现污染物的去除。微生物的活性受水力停留时间、土壤基质类型、植物根际氧浓度、根系分泌物、p H等诸多环境因子的影响。未来应该深入研究植物-微生物联合修复技术,进一步提高人工湿地对污染物的净化效果。
Plants are crucial for water purification in wetlands. In particular, the rhizosphere provides a favorable environment for pollutant removal. This paper focuses mainly on the plant removal mechanisms of different types of pollutants, including excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants. Although the removal mechanism are different, plants can directly remove pollutants by transporting them into their bodies through active and passive absorption. The pollutants are immobilized in the plants by biotransformation. Absorption is significant- ly affected by plant biomass, especially the biomass of roots, plant species and litter. Plants also indirectly remove pollutants by increasing the abundance and activity of rhizosphere microbes. Microbes decompose, transform and chelate pollutants by metabolic processes. Microbes are affected by the hydraulic retention time, soil texture, root exudate, oxygen concentration and pH in the rhizosphere. In order to promote the removal efficiency, the plant - microbe remediation technology and mechanisms are recommended to be further studied. Advanced techniques are necessary to improve the purification ability of constructed wetlands.