文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：油橄榄单拷贝核基因遗传标记开发及应用

英文题名：Development and Application of Single-Copy Nuclear Gene Genetic Markers in Olive

作者：谷秋微[1] 雍巧宁[2] 王贵德[2] 程葆昶[1] 吕龙强[3] 吕成华[3] 邓煜[2] 张建国[1] 王兆山[1]

第一作者：谷秋微

机构：[1]国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091;[2]甘肃省陇南市经济林研究院油橄榄研究所,甘肃陇南746000;[3]丹江口市兴源生橄榄油科技发展有限公司,湖北十堰442700

年份：2025

卷号：38

期号：4

起止页码：112-122

中文期刊名：林业科学研究

外文期刊名：Forest Research

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：陇南市科技计划项目“陇南油橄榄新种质创制”(2023-S.QKT-01);国家重点研发计划子课题项目“油橄榄全基因组选择育种与良种选育”(2022YFD220040204)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：油橄榄;尖叶木樨榄;单拷贝核基因标记;遗传成分追踪;异交率

外文关键词：olive;subsp.cuspidata;single-copy nuclear gene marker;genetic component tracing;outcrossing rate

分类号：S722.5

摘要：[目的]本研究旨在开发一套具有固定差异的单拷贝核基因遗传标记,在油橄榄育种过程中对每个个体的每条染色体进行尖叶木樨榄遗传成分追踪,为油橄榄育种提供可靠的遗传背景信息和理论基础,也为辅助林木育种提供新的思路与参考。[方法]利用46个含固定差异的单拷贝核基因标记(single-copy nuclear markers)对3个居群(YGL、JYM、BC1)共117个个体进行扩增与测序并计算相应的遗传多样性,计算YGL、JYM两个居群间的遗传分化,最后对BC1居群的异交参数及遗传成分进行估算。[结果]比对后46个遗传标记长度在604~992 bp之间。YGL居群的遗传多样性大于JYM居群,BC1居群的遗传多样性(π=0.0074,θ_(w)=0.0050)约为YGL居群的2倍。YGL、JYM两个居群间的F_(st)为0.7916,N_(m)为0.0745。Structure结构分析表明YGL与JYM两个居群之间有明显的遗传分化,BC1居群的异交率(t_(m))为100%,JYM、YGL的遗传成分占比分别为25.97%、74.03%。[结论]开发的46个含有固定差异的单拷贝遗传标记稳定可靠,能够明确追踪每条染色体的JYM遗传成分,并且可以粗略估计每个BC1个体中JYM的遗传成分占比。青藏高原隆起使得特提斯海消失,北半球气候发生重大变化。之后YGL和JYM两个居群经历了长期的地理隔离,造成两亚种之间遗传分化越来越高。经过人工杂交、回交,成功将JYM遗传成分引入育种群体,为以后油橄榄新品种选育提供了物质基础和遗传背景。
[Objective]The aim of this study was to develop a set of single copy nuclear gene genetic markers with fixed differences to track the genetic components of each chromosome of each individual,which provided reliable genetic background information and theoretical basis for olive breeding and provided new ideas and references for auxiliary tree breeding.[Method]A total of 117 individuals from 3 populations(YGL,JYM,BC1)were amplified and sequenced using 46 single-copy nuclear markers with fixed differences.The corresponding genetic diversity was calculated,and the genetic differentiation between the two natural populations of YGL and JYM was calculated.Finally,the outcrossing parameters and genetic components of the BC1 population were estimated.[Result]The length of 46 genetic markers ranged from 604 to 992 bp.The genetic diversity of the YGL population was greater than that of the JYM population,and the BC1 population(π=0.0074,θ_(w)=0.0050)was twice that of the YGL population.The result of genetic differentiation showed that the value of F_(st) was 0.7916 and N_(m) was 0.0745 between two populations.YGL and JYM.Structural analysis showed that there was obvious genetic differentiation between YGL and JYM populations.The rate of outcrossing(t_(m))was 100% and the genetic components of JYM and YGL were 25.97% and 74.03% in BC1 population,respectively.[Conclusion]The 46 single-copy genetic markers with fixed differences are stable and reliable,which can clearly trace the JYM genetic component of each chromosome and roughly estimate the proportion of JYM genetic component in each BC1 individual.After the disappearance of the Tethys Sea due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,there have been major changes in the climate of the Northern Hemisphere.Since then,the YGL and JYM populations have experienced long-term geographic isolation,resulting in increasing genetic differentiation between the two subspecies.The JYM genetic components are successfully introduced into the breeding population by artificial hybridization and backcross,which provides material basis for the olive breeding in the future.