文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：平欧杂种榛坚果种仁发育期品质形成规律

英文题名：Quality Formation Characteristics of Ping’ou Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana) Kernels during Developmental Period

作者：蒋江照[1,2] 刘子煜[3] 梁丽松[1] 佟世生[3]

第一作者：蒋江照

通信作者：Liang, Lisong

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木遗传育种国家重点实验室;[2]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所;[3]北京城市学院

年份：2018

卷号：54

期号：12

起止页码：42-51

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20190806543553);Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-85061849894);北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(CAFYBB2017SY010);新疆自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY201739);北京高等学校高水平人才交叉培养"实培计划"毕业设计(科研类)项目"平欧杂种榛坚果不同发育期品质变化规律与抗氧化能力评价"

语种：中文

中文关键词：平欧杂种榛;坚果;发育期;品质形成;营养物质

外文关键词：hybrid hazelnut;nut;development phase;quality forming;nutrient substances

分类号：S723.13

摘要：【目的】研究平欧杂种榛坚果种仁生长发育时期品质形成规律,探讨榛坚果种仁不同生长发育时期营养品质特点,为榛坚果的生产栽培管理、适时采收与高效利用提供重要的理论依据。【方法】以平欧杂种榛不同发育期坚果为研究对象,测定其果苞含水量、果壳含水量和种仁含水量,测定种仁主要营养物质含量和重要生物活性物质含量,包括脂肪、蛋白质、糖、脂肪酸、Vc、VE、总酚和总黄酮含量,分析榛坚果发育期种仁品质形成规律。【结果】在发育前期,种仁含水量从88.6%迅速降至38.2%,脂肪、总蛋白质和VE含量分别从29.9 g·kg^(-1) FW、37.3 g·kg^(-1) FW和0.038 g·kg^(-1) oil迅速增加至362.4 g·kg^(-1) FW、96.7 g·kg^(-1) FW和0.35 g·kg^(-1)oil,发育后期则保持在较稳定的水平;种仁中的VE以α构型为主,另含有少量的β、γ和σ构型;糖含量在整个发育期间逐渐增加,蔗糖是种仁中糖的主要组分,其含量在整个发育期间逐渐增加; VC在种仁充实期达到最大累积量0.13 g·kg^(-1) FW,随后则迅速降低直至坚果完全发育成熟时的0.062 g·kg^(-1) FW;总酚和总黄酮含量在发育前期逐渐增加,并在种仁充实期达到峰值,分别为1.49 g GAE·kg^(-1) FW和2.44 g RE·kg^(-1) FW,此后二者含量均迅速降低,坚果脱落期时总酚和总黄酮含量分别是峰值含量的34.0%和23.7%。【结论】在整个发育过程中,榛坚果种仁的含水量逐渐减少,营养物质逐渐累积;作为种仁脂肪的主要脂肪酸组分,油酸含量逐渐增加的趋势与棕榈酸和亚油酸含量逐渐减少的趋势一致;以α构型为主的VE逐渐累积; VC、多酚和黄酮等抗氧化活性物质的累积在种仁充实期达到峰值,在之后的成熟过程中迅速减少。种仁发育前期是各种营养物质形成的重要时期,种仁充实期是榛坚果种仁生长发育进程中的转折时期,榛坚果在此时期基本完成了主要营养物质的积累,并具有较高的抗氧化活性物质储备。
【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the quality forming regularity of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut(Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana)kernels and discuss the nutritional quality characteristics of the kernel during growth and development stages to provide important theoretical foundation for production and cultivation management,timely harvesting and efficient utilization of hazelnut.【Method】Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut at different developmental stages was used to measure the water content in husk,shell and kernel,main nutrition substance content and important bioactivators,in kernels,including fat content,protein content,sugar content,fatty acid content,VC and VE content,total phenols and total flavonoids content,and then analyze the quality forming regularity of hazelnut during development phase further.【Result】At the early stage of development,the water content of kernels decreased rapidly from88.6%to38.2%;the content of crude fat,total protein and VE increased rapidly from29.9g·kg^-1FW,37.3g·kg^-1FW and0.038g·kg^-1oil to362.4g·kg^-1FW,96.7g·kg^-1FW and0.35g·kg^-1oil,respectively.However,those substances all remained relatively stable level at the later stage of development.The VE in the kernel was mainly composed ofα-configuration of VE,with a small amount ofβ-,γ-andσ-configuration.Sugar content gradually increased during the whole development period.Sucrose was the main component of sugars in hazelnut kernels and its content gradually increased during the whole development stages.VC reached the maximum content of0.13g·kg-1FW at the kernel-filling stage and then sharply decreased until0.062g·kg-1FW at the fully-mature of hazelnuts.The contents of total phenols(TPC)and total flavonoids(TFC)gradually increased in the early stage of development and reached the peak value at the kernel-filling period,being1.49g GAE·kg^-1FW and2.44g RE·kg^-1FW,respectively and then rapidly decreased until to the end of development phase.The final TPC and TFC contents were34.0%and23.7%of the peak values at the nut abscission period,respectively.【Conclusion】During the whole development period,the water content of kernels decreased gradually and main nutrition substances increased gradually.As the main component of fatty acid,the increase tendency of oleic acid content was in step with the decrease tendency of palmitic acid and linoleic acid contents.VE,mainly theα-configuration,was gradually accumulated;Main antioxidants substance VC,phonelic and flavonoid were rapidly accumulated and peaked at kernel-filling period and then decreased at the later stage.The early development phase was the significant time for nutrient substance formation of hazelnut kernels.Kernel-filling period was the important transition stage of development of hazelnut,during which hazelnut kernels completed the accumulation of the main nutrient substances and had higher antioxidant substance reserves.