文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：3种野生大型真菌营养成份分析与评价

英文题名：Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients of Three Wild Major Fungi Species

作者：马庆华[1] 董辰希[1] 曹晗[1] 法蕾[1] 王海霞[1] 马淑敏[1] 戴新陆[1] 张永安[1]

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300

年份：2020

卷号：39

期号：7

起止页码：35-40

中文期刊名：中国食用菌

外文期刊名：Edible Fungi of China

收录：北大核心:【北大核心2017】；

基金：2017年中国林业科学研究院基本科研专项资金面上项目(CAFYBB2017MA017);2017年中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目(CAFYBB2017ZC006)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：野生大型真菌;多糖;三萜;矿质元素;蛋白质评分

外文关键词：wild major fungi;polysaccharide;triterpenoids;mineral elements;protein score

分类号：S646.1

摘要：以北京山区3种野生大型真菌血红铆钉菇(Chroogomphus rutilus)、短柄黏盖牛肝菌(Suillus brevipes)和毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)的子实体为材料,分析其多糖、三萜、矿质元素含量及氨基酸组成并采用国际通用标准对其蛋白质营养价值进行分析和评价,以期为野生大型真菌利用和驯化提供科学依据。结果表明:3种野生真菌子实体均含有较高的多糖和三萜物质,多糖提取率为5.40%~6.82%、三萜含量为1.61%~4.72%,其中血红铆钉菇和短柄黏盖牛肝菌这两种物质含量显著高于毛木耳。3种野生真菌矿质元素含量丰富,尤其是毛木耳中铁含量突出。毛木耳达到理想蛋白源标准,其中蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和色氨酸的氨基酸评分均超过100,血红铆钉菇接近理想蛋白源标准,短柄黏盖牛肝菌未达到理想蛋白源标准,3种野生真菌蛋白质评分顺序为毛木耳>血红铆钉菇>短柄黏盖牛肝菌,因此,毛木耳可以作为机体蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和色氨酸等必需氨基酸和铁营养素的有益补充;血红铆钉菇和短柄黏盖牛肝菌多糖和三萜含量较高,具有潜在药用价值。
The experiment objects were fruiting bodies of three wild fungi species(Chroogomphus rutilus, Suillus brevipes and Auricularia polytricha) collected in Beijing mountainous area. The main nutritional components such as polysaccharide, triterpenoids, mineral element content and amino acid composition were analyzed. The international general evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the nutritional value of the proteins. The results showed that many polysaccharides(5.40%-6.82%) and triterpenoids(1.61%-4.72%) were found in three wild fungal fruiting bodies, and the components in C. rutilus and S. brevipes were higher than that in A. polytricha. Three wild fungi species were rich in mineral elements, expecially the iron(Fe) content in A. polytricha. Moreover, the A. polytricha reached the ideal protein source standard, and the amino acid scores of methionine,cystine and tryptophan in A. polytricha were more than 100. the C. rutilus was closed to the ideal protein source standard, and the S. brevipes did not reach the ideal protein source standard. The order of the protein scores were as follows: A. polytricha>C. rutilus>S. brevipes. Therefore A. polytricha can be used as a beneficial supplement for essential amino acids such as methionine, cystine and tryptophan and Fe nutrition, C. rutilus and S. brevipes with high content of polysaccharides and triterpenoids may have potential medicinal value.