文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：大鸨东方亚种在中国的分布

英文题名：Current distribution of Asian Great Bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii) in China

作者：李超[1] 周景英[2] 龚明昊[1] 田秀华[3] 孟德荣[4] 刘春光[5] 党大朋[6] 刘刚[1]

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091;[2]内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区,内蒙古兴安盟100013;[3]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040;[4]沧州师范学院,河北沧州061001;[5]黑龙江明水国家级自然保护区,黑龙江绥化151700;[6]陕西黄河湿地自然保护区,陕西渭南715100

年份：2021

卷号：40

期号：6

起止页码：1793-1801

中文期刊名：生态学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Ecology

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2018QB010);中国林业科学研究院中青年专家“走出去”计划项目(CAFYBB2017ZF006)资助。

语种：中文

中文关键词：大鸨东方亚种(Otis tarda dybowskii);分布;繁殖地;越冬地;迁徙停歇地

外文关键词：Otis tarda dybowskii;distribution;breeding site;wintering site;stopover site

分类号：Q958.5

摘要：大鸨东方亚种(Otis tarda dybowskii)曾广泛分布在我国19个省及直辖市,但由于人为干扰导致的栖息地丧失和破碎化,其生存空间不断缩小,生存环境日益恶劣。有关大鸨东方亚种分布范围还缺乏全面的认识,这不利于关键保护地的确定和保护对策的科学制定。本研究基于野外调查,结合近20年大鸨东方亚种的文献资料和网络报道,统计分布点数据,并根据大鸨的活动范围,分析了其繁殖地、越冬地和迁徙停歇地的分布。结果表明,大鸨东方亚种现今仅在内蒙古、河南、河北、陕西、山西等14个省市有分布,其中,70.91%的分布点在陕西省、河南省和内蒙古自治区。内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区、辉河国家级自然保护区、高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区是东方亚种重要的繁殖地,但有14.72%繁殖点在保护区外围;陕西、山西及河南三省交界处的黄河湿地、河南新乡鸟类黄河湿地国家级自然保护区、河北沧州及白洋淀地区是其主要的越冬地,黄河中下游沿岸是越冬区的最南缘。在图牧吉国家级自然保护区及明水国家级自然保护区也有较为稳定的大鸨越冬记录,表现出部分迁徙行为。大鸨中途停歇地分布较为分散,内蒙古乌梁素海保护区、内蒙古高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区、内蒙古辉河国家级自然保护区、吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区、河北闪电河国家湿地公园、河北沧州地区、北京延庆区野鸭湖、天津蓟县青甸洼湿地及其周边地区是其迁徙的重要中途停歇地。应当加强当前大鸨栖息地的保护及对潜在风险进行管控,提升公众保护意识,以减少人为干扰,提高大鸨的存活率。本研究通过整合近20年的分布数据,较为全面地认识了大鸨东方亚种的分布,并探讨了目前大鸨面临的威胁,为保护对策的制定提供了科学依据。
Asian Great Bustard( Otis tarda dybowskii) was once widely distributed in 19 provinces and municipalities in China. However,the habitat quality is getting worse and its distribution range is shrinking due to human disturbance. There is a lack of comprehensive knowledge about the distribution of the Asian Great Bustard,which is not conducive to the identification of key protected areas and the scientific formulation of protection countermeasures. By combining data from field surveys,bird watching records,published data and network reports of Asian Great Bustard in the past 20 years,the occurrence data were collected and the distributions of breeding sites,wintering sites and stopover sites were analyzed. The results showed Asian Great Bustard was currently distributed in 14 provinces and municipalities,with 70. 91% of occurrence sites being located in Inner Mongolia,Henan and Shaanxi. Tumuji National Nature Reserve,Huihe National Nature Reserve and Gaogeshitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia were the main breeding sites. However,14.72% of breeding sites were outside the reserves. The wintering sites were mainly distributed in the Yellow River wetland at the junction of Shaanxi,Shanxi and Henan,the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River Wetland for Birds in Xinxiang of Henan,and Cangzhou and Baiyangdian of Hebei. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were the southernmost extension of wintering areas. Tumuji National Nature Reserve and Mingshui National Nature Reserve had relatively stable records of wintering populations,with partial migration behavior being observed. The stopover sites were relatively scattered,including Wuliangsuhai Nature Reserve,Gaogeshitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve,Huihe National Nature Reserve,Momoge National Nature Reserve,Shandian River National Wetland Park,Cangzhou in Hebei,Yeya Lake in Beijing,Qingdianwa Wetland in Tianjin. These important habitats were the key areas that should be protected with priority. Controlling of potential risks and raising public awareness would contribute to reducing human interference and improving the survival rates of Asian Great Bustard. Through integrating the distribution data of the past 20 years,we obtained a more comprehensive understanding of the distribution of the Asian Great Bustard,and discussed threats challenging Asian Great Bustard habitats. This study provides a scientific support for the implementation of protection countermeasures.