文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：计算机模拟在野生动物种群遗传学研究中的应用

英文题名：Utility of Computer Simulations in Population Genetics of Wild Animals

作者：刘刚[1] 龚明昊[1] 李惠鑫[1]

第一作者：刘刚

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所

年份：2015

卷号：0

期号：5

起止页码：787-793

中文期刊名：四川动物

外文期刊名：Sichuan Journal of Zoology

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；

基金：大熊猫国际资金项目(CM1423)

语种：中文

中文关键词：计算机模拟;种群遗传学;统计预测;统计推理;统计验证

外文关键词：computer simulation; population genetics; statistical prediction; statistical inference; statistical validation

分类号：R857.3;Q38

摘要：野生动物进化是遗传变异和环境变化相互作用的结果,其过程复杂、难以预测。进化过程包括基因突变、疾病、自然选择、空间扩散等自然因子,也包括驯化、栖息地破碎化、人工选择等人为干扰因子。计算机模拟能够揭示该复杂过程的历史特征,同时也能预测环境变化造成的遗传影响,正成为种群遗传学领域关注的研究方向。随着计算机模拟技术的发展,各种模拟软件层出不穷,功能全面且易操作,越来越多的计算机模拟软件被应用于野生动物的保护与管理。对计算机模拟应用于野生动物保护进行综述,总结了simu POP、ms、CDPOP、Sim Coal、Bayes SSC、DIYABC等近20种计算机模拟软件的功能,包括统计预测功能、统计推理功能和统计验证功能,并筛选了约20个典型的野生动物研究案例,展示了多达30个具体功能;同时,梳理了它们在推测生活史特征、推测进化历史特征、预测种群管理、预测遗传多样性受环境变化的影响、验证取样和验证统计方法等六大方面的适用性;从计算机模拟面临的挑战(准确率的监测)和机遇(多学科合作),对计算机模拟应用于未来野生动物保护提出了展望。
The evolution of wild animals was the result of multiple interactions between genetic variation and environment,and these processes were complex and difficult to predict. Evolution involved with natural processes（ mutation,disease,natural selection,and migration） and human-mediated processes（ stocking,fragmentation,and artificial selection）. Computer simulations were deployed by molecular ecologists,who wanted to quantitatively infer the history characteristics of species,and to predict species＇ response to environmental changes. With the improvement of computer simulation programming,various simulators were function-specifically and user-friendly. At present,computer simulations were primarily applied to the conservation and management of wild animals. By demonstrating nearly 30 detailed functions using 20 cases of wild species,we summarized the applications of about 30 computer simulations,such as simu POP,ms,CDPOP,Sim Coal,Bayes SSC,and DIYABC in the conservation and management of wild animals. And three functions of these simulations were statistical prediction,statistical inference and statistical validation. We also discussed the suitability of these simulations in 6 parts,including the inference of life history,inference of evolutionary history,prediction of population management,prediction of influences of environmental changes on genetic diversity,validation of sampling and validation of statistics. Based on the challenges and opportunities of computer simulations,we suggested that the accuracy of simulation should be firmly considered,and multiple-discipline professionals should be collaborated to accelerate the simulation tools in the conservation of wild animals.