文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：乌雕迁徙路线及栖息地

英文题名：Migration Route and Habitats of Greater Spotted Eagle

作者：陈丽霞[1] 贾茹[1] 胡兴波[1] 纪建伟[2] 田恒玖[3] 孙戈[1] 王毅花[1] 张国钢[1]

第一作者：陈丽霞

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,全国鸟类环志中心,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091;[2]北京市园林绿化局,北京100013;[3]北京市野生动物救护中心,北京101300

年份：2023

卷号：3

期号：1

起止页码：68-77

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：国家林业和草原局项目(91217-2022,202999922001,213023721203);国家自然科学基金项目(32070530)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：乌雕;春季迁徙;秋季迁徙;活动区;栖息地利用

外文关键词：greater spotted eagle(Clanga clanga);spring migration;autumn migration;home range;habitat use

分类号：Q958

摘要：【目的】乌雕(Clanga clanga)是我国一级重点保护野生动物,被IUCN列为易危(VU)物种,但其种群生态学特别是迁徙路线的研究较少,揭示其迁徙路线对中国乃至亚洲的乌雕种群及其栖息地保护都具有重要科学价值。【方法】2017年3月—2018年10月,对在北京密云水库放飞的1只救护乌雕的迁徙路线进行了卫星追踪。【结果】乌雕是典型的白天迁徙物种,迁徙时段在4:00—16:00之间,迁徙高峰时段主要集中在上午8:00—11:00之间;春季迁徙速度(139.51 km·d^(-1))与飞行速度(356.09 km·d^(-1))均比秋季迁徙速度(104.26 km·d^(-1))和飞行速度(190.71 km·d^(-1))快。春季迁徙途中确定了11个临时休息地和3个中途停歇地,其中途停歇地的主要栖息地为草地(68%)、耕地(26%)与林地(4%);秋季迁徙途中确定了24个临时休息地和4个中途停歇地,其中途停歇地的主要栖息地为草地(32%)、耕地(29%)、湿地(23%)和林地(10%)。乌雕度夏前期游荡范围很广,包括中国东北地区、蒙古国中东部和俄罗斯东南部;游荡距离东西跨度为1734.57 km(2017年)和1786.34 km(2018年);最小凸多边形法(MCP)95%的游荡面积达到833×10^(3)km^(2)(2017年)和1188×10^(3)km^(2)(2018年),50%MCP游荡面积为271×10^(3)km^(2)(2017年)和577×10^(3)km^(2)(2018年),2018年游荡面积约为2017年的2倍,2年间度夏区域重叠面积为741.80×10^(3)km^(2)。度夏后期仅在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原活动,活动面积较小,95%MCP面积为131.22 km^(2),50%MCP面积为11.49 km^(2);度夏期间主要利用的栖息地为草地、耕地、湿地和林地。乌雕在孟加拉国吉大港区中南部孟加拉湾恒河口区域的耕地越冬,且连续2年都回到同一个越冬地,95%MCP越冬范围为31.60 km^(2),50%MCP越冬范围为1.54 km^(2),主要的土地利用类型为耕地、湿地和水体。【结论】虽然本次仅研究了1只乌雕的迁徙过程,但因有关该物种年度迁徙活动的报道较少,所以这一单只个体数据仍然很有价值,本研究首次记录了中国甚至亚洲乌雕完整的迁徙路线以及栖息地利用类型,为乌雕种群及其栖息地的保护提供了基础资料。
【Objective】The greater spotted eagle(Clanga clanga)is the first class key protected wild animal species in China and is listed as a Vulnerable(VU)species by IUCN.There are few studies on the population ecology of this species,especially its migration routes.However,it is vital to discover the migration routes of this species to conserve its populations and habitats in China and elsewhere in Asia.【Method】Here we present the satellite tracking data for a rehabilitated greater spotted eagle released at Miyun Reservoir,Beijing,China,from March 2017 to October 2018.【Result】The results showed that the greater spotted eagle is a typical diurnal migratory species.The tracked eagle travelled between 4:00 am and 4:00 pm,and peak travel occurred between 8:00 am and 11:00 am.Both the migration speed and flight speed in spring(migration speed:139.51 km·d^(?1),flight speed:356.09 km·d^(?1))were higher than those in autumn(migration speed:104.26 km·d^(?1),flight speed:190.71 km·d^(?1)).In total,11 temporary roosting sites and 3 stopover sites were found in spring and the main habitat types at these stopover sites were grassland(68%),cropland(26%),and forest(4%).There were 24 temporary roosting sites and 4 stopover sites found in autumn,and the main habitat types at these stopover sites were grassland(32%),cropland(29%),wetland(23%)and forest(10%).In the early summer,the eagle wandered over a huge area,including northeast China,central and eastern Mongolia,and southeastern Russia;the wandering distance of the eagle spanned 1734.57 km(2017)and 1786.34 km(2018)from east to west;the 95%minimum convex polygon(MCP)range size was 833×10^(3) km^(2)(2017)and 1188×10^(3) km^(2)(2018),respectively,the 50%MCP range size was 271×10^(3) km^(2)(2017)and 577×10^(3) km^(2)(2018),respectively.The overlapping area of the two summer ranges was 741.80×10^(3) km^(2) and the 2018 wandering range was double that of the 2017 range.In the late summer,the eagle restricted its activity to the Xilin Gol Grassland of Inner Mongolia;the 95%MCP range size was 131.22 km^(2),and the 50%MCP range size was 11.49 km^(2),and the main habitat types were grassland,cropland,wetland,and forest.The eagle returned to the same wintering area in 2 consecutive years,wintering in a small area of cropland at the mouth of the Ganges in the Bay of Bengal in south-central Chittagong district,Bangladesh;the 95%MCP of the overwintering area was 31.60 km^(2),the 50%MCP was 1.54 km^(2),and the main habitat types were cropland,wetland and water body.【Conclusion】Although only one eagle was tracked in this study,these tracking data are of considerable importance because of the lack of information about the annual movements of this species.We recorded the complete annual migration route and habitat use by this species in China and Asia for the first time,providing vital information for its conservation.