文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：基于风速流场分析的乌兰布和沙漠绿洲防护林防风效果研究

英文题名：Windbreak effects of shelterbelts in oases of the Ulan Buh Desert based on the analysis of wind speed field

作者：包岩峰[1] 郝玉光[2] 赵英铭[2] 辛智鸣[2] 董雪[2] 李永华[1]

第一作者：包岩峰

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京海淀区100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

年份：2020

卷号：42

期号：8

起止页码：122-131

中文期刊名：北京林业大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Beijing Forestry University

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：国家自然科学基金委青年科学基金项目“梭梭人工林配置结构对防风固沙效果的影响及机理”(31600581);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(CAFYBB2017E005);基于低覆盖度理论的防沙治沙新材料、新装备、新技术研究(2018YFC0507101-02)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：防风固沙林;防护林结构与模式;风速流场;防风效能;防护面积

外文关键词：windbreak and sand fixation forest;shelterbelt construction and model;wind speed field;windbreak effect;protection area

分类号：S728.2

摘要：【目的】基于风速流场分析方法对比乌兰布和沙漠绿洲5种典型配置结构防护林的防风效果,通过量化不同林网内的风速流场分布特征,分析各林网内的风速统计参数,进一步优化防护林配置结构,以期为干旱区绿洲防护林建设提供理论依据和参考模板。【方法】在乌兰布和沙漠磴口绿洲防护林中,选取5种不同配置结构林带的防护林林网为研究对象(紧密型乔木林网1,疏透度为0.13;疏密型乔木林网2,疏透度为0.24;疏透型乔灌混交林网3,疏透度为0.27;通风型乔木林网4,疏透度为0.39;疏透型乔木林网5,疏透度为0.27),在林网内采集多点同步风速数据信息,结合地学和统计学分析方法,分析不同林网内的风速流场特征、风速分布统计参数和防风效能等。【结果】研究表明5种防护林林网其防风效能范围各不相同,林网1为65%~95%,林网2为67%~85%,林网3为46%~82%,林网4为44%~67%,林网5为56%~72%。其中2行乔木构成的疏密型林网2防风效能在67%以上,具有较高的防风效益和节约水土资源优势;由2行乔木2行灌木混交林带构成的林网3,当防风效能为60%时,其防护面积是2行纯乔木林带(林网4)的2.47倍,具有较好的防护效益和应用推广前景。【结论】乌兰布和沙漠绿洲中由2行乔木构成的疏密型林网和"窄林带,小网格"配置的乔灌混合林网均发挥了较好的防风效果。
[Objective]This research compared the windbreak effects of five shelterbelts with different structures and configurations based on the distribution characteristics of wind speed field,and proposed to use the fixed parameter"wind protection area"to compare windbreak effects of different shelterbelts,to obtain the wind statistical parameters,in order to provide the theoretical bases and practice patterns about shelterbelt construction in arid lands.[Method]This paper took five shelterbelt nets with different structures and configurations as research object(the structure of shelterbelt net 1 had closely spacing of 0.13 and comprised of only trees;shelterbelt net 2 had more widely spacing of 0.24 and comprised of only trees;shelterbelt net 3 had sparse spacing of 0.27 and comprised of trees and bushes;shelterbelt net 4 had passable spacing of 0.39 and comprised of only trees;shelterbelt net 5 had sparse spacing of 0.27 and comprised of only trees)in oases of the Ulan Buh Desert,northern China.Through synchronization observation,we obtained wind speed data and analyzed the characteristics of wind speed field,wind statistical parameters and windbreak effects in five different shelterbelt nets based on the methods of geographical and statistical analyses.[Result]The range of wind protection efficiency in different shelterbelt nets was different.Shelterbelt net 1 ranged from 65%to 95%,shelterbelt net 2 ranged from 67%to 85%,shelterbelt net 3 ranged from 46%to 82%,shelterbelt net 4 ranged from 44%to 67%,shelterbelt net 5 ranged from 56%to72%.Shelterbelt net 2 composed of two-line tree belt presented high wind protection efficiency above 67%.Shelterbelt net 2 was also conductive to save and conserve soil and water.Shelterbelt net 3 composed of two line bushes and two-line trees presented 2.47 times"wind protection area"of shelterbelt net 4 composed of two-line tress when the wind protection efficiency was 60%.Shelterbelt net 3 had a wide application prospect with good windbreak effect.[Conclusion]Both shelterbelt net with more widely spacing and composed of two-line tree belt and"small grid with narrow auxiliary forest belt"shelterbelt net composed of two line bushes and two-line trees presented good windbreak effects in oases of the Ulan Buh Desert of northern China.