文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：植物叶片氮分配及其影响因子研究进展

英文题名：A review of nitrogen allocation in leaves and factors in its effects

作者：史作民[1] 唐敬超[1] 程瑞梅[1] 罗达[1] 刘世荣[1]

第一作者：史作民

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2015

卷号：35

期号：18

起止页码：5909-5919

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金：国家自然科学基金重大项目课题(31290223);中国科学院碳专项(XDA05060100)

语种：中文

中文关键词：氮分配;叶片;影响因子;研究进展

外文关键词：nitrogen allocation ; leaves ; effect factors ; research progress

分类号：Q945.11

摘要：氮是植物生长的基本限制性因子,它的有效利用可以增加植物的适应性。叶片氮分配是指氮在植物叶片细胞各细胞结构以及游离化合物中所分配的比例。叶片氮的分配方式决定了叶片光合作用的强弱,影响叶片的坚韧程度以及化学防御强度,因此研究氮在植物叶片内的分配方式具有重要意义。阐述了叶片氮分配的方式,分析了影响叶片氮分配的生物和非生物因子(CO2,光,土壤养分),介绍了常用的叶片氮分配的研究方法,并对未来的研究进行了展望。
Nitrogen is an essential limiting resource for plant growth, and its effective utilization can increase the adaptability of plants. This is because nitrogen is required for the regulation of more than a hundred genes in plants and influences their physiological processes. Leaf nitrogen allocation is defined as the proportion of nitrogen distributed in every plant leaf cell and free compounds. Leaf nitrogen allocation not only determines the photosynthetic capacity of leaves but also affects their toughness and chemical defenses. Therefore, research on nitrogen allocation in leaves is of great importance. In this study, we evaluated the mode of leaf nitrogen allocation. Leaf nitrogen is generally distributed in the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, and organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria in the cytoplasm; leaf nitrogen is also found in free compounds. Usually more than half （up to 75% ） of the leaf nitrogen is assigned to chloroplasts, which are involved in photosynthesis. An increase in the amount of nitrogen involved in photosynthesis results in faster plant growth. The amount of leaf nitrogen allocated to cell walls can indirectly result in blade tenacity, which is a basic method of plant self-defense; 10%--30% of the nitrogen is assigned to the cell walls. Leaf nitrogen is mainly found in the form of plant proteins, and usually 71%--77% of the leaf nitrogen is found in the form of proteins, followed by free amino acids, alkaloids, cyanogenetic glycosides, phospholipids, nucleic acids, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and adenosine triphosphate. We also analyzed biological and environmental factors （carbon dioxide, illumination, and soil nutrients ） that affect the allocation of leaf nitrogen. With respect to biological factors, a higher amount of nitrogen is assigned to Rubisco, resulting in an increase in the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of plants. In most C3 plants, more than half of the total leaf protein is soluble; in C4 plants, a quarter of the total leaf protein is soluble. In herbs, a higher amount of nitrogen is allocated to Rubisco. In order to rapidly occupy an area, an invasive plant species assigns less nitrogen to the cell walls and more to the chloroplasts. With respect to environmental factors, illumination affects the distribution of leaf nitrogen, mainly because it affects the energy supply for photosynthesis; this results in a change in the amount of nitrogen assigned for light and dark reactions. Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis, and changes in the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment will affect photosynthesis, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, and the distribution of leaf nitrogen. Changes in the nitrogen content in the soil will directly affect the nitrogen content in plants and, in turn, affect leaf nitrogen allocation. Changes in the content of other elements in the soil will also affect leaf nitrogen allocation. We have reported on the methods frequently used for measuring leaf nitrogen allocation. There are two commonly used methods： the formula method and chemical separation method. We have also discussed different perspectives for future research on leaf nitrogen allocation.