文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：草原生态保护补助奖励政策实施效果评估

英文题名：Evaluation on the Implementation Effect of Subsidy and Incentive Policy for Grassland Ecological Protection

作者：肖仁乾[1] 宁攸凉[1] 何友均[1] 谢和生[1] 许单云[1]

第一作者：肖仁乾

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091

年份：2021

卷号：41

期号：6

起止页码：645-650

中文期刊名：林业经济问题

外文期刊名：Issues of Forestry Economics

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；

基金：国家林业和草原局林业重大问题研究项目(500102-1708)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：效果评估;草原;生态保护;补助奖励政策

外文关键词：effect evaluation;grassland;ecological protection;subsidy and incentive policy

分类号：F326.20

摘要：从生态、经济与社会三方面构建草原生态补奖政策实施效果多指标综合评估体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法确定权重,评价2015-2018年青海省海北州生态补奖政策实施效果。结果表明:2015-2018年青海省海北州生态补奖政策的实施基本实现生态保护和牧民增收双赢的目标,成效显著,但生态效益、经济效益与社会效益存在显著差异,政策仍有调整和改进的空间,包括解决管理职能交叉、提高基层管护能力以及动态调整补偿标准和政策实施时限等。
⑴Background--The subsidy and reward policy for grassland ecological protection is the most important grassland ecological compensation policy in China.Since its implementation in 2011,it has a history of nearly ten years and has had a far-reaching impact on pastoral areas.⑵Methods--The statistical data are taken from Qinghai Provincial Bureau of Statistics,and the survey data are taken from 5 interview records and 360 field questionnaire data of Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Haibei.The analytic hierarchy process and entropy method are used to determine the weights of the primary and secondary indicators respectively,and the comprehensive evaluation model is used to calculate the score of each indicator.⑶Results--①The policy of grassland grazing prohibition and grass-livestock balance in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Haibei is well implemented.The grassland ecology in the pastoral area has been significantly improved,the grazing of herdsmen has been gradually reduced,the ecological condition of the grassland has been well restored,and the productivity has been improved.The score of ecological benefit increased at an average annual rate of 31.1%,and the overall trend showed an upward trend.However,the ecological conditions of grasslands are still fragile,and overgrazing is still the main cause of grassland degradation.The overload rate has been increasing again since 2016.Since the system reform in Haibei region,it has become a common phenomenon that the functions of relevant departments are crossed and misplaced,and the management and protection are not in place.②Economic benefits:the economic development of pastoral areas is relatively good,the benefit of herdsmen families has been significantly improved,and the score of economic benefits has increased by an average of 4.5%.During this period,the changing trend of economic benefits fluctuated greatly.The current compensation standard and the time limit of banning grazing may affect the income of herdsmen.Before the implementation of the policy,the price of grassland circulation was higher than the standard of the second round of grassland ecological award.The survey found that about 42.9%of the respondents thought that the compensation effect of the current bonus funds on the loss caused by livestock reduction was completely ineffective or basically ineffective,and that the compensation standard was relatively low.③Social benefits.The living standards and ecological awareness of residents have improved significantly,and social benefits have increased at an average annual rate of 37.8%.However,the local animal husbandry production mode is relatively single,so there are no high value-added products and complete industrial chain.Due to the lack of forage-related insurance,the anti-risk ability of relevant animal husbandry enterprises and cooperatives is poor.The herdsmen generally have a low level of education and narrow employment channels.④Comprehensive benefits.In general,the implementation effect of grassland ecological compensation policy is good.The overall trend of comprehensive welfare scores is on the rise.Compared with 2015,2018 has increased by 82.4%,with an average annual growth rate of 22.2%.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--The second round of grassland ecological compensation policy in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Haibei has achieved remarkable results,basically achieved the expected policy objectives,and achieved a win-win situation of increasing the income of herdsmen and ecological protection.However,there is still room for adjustment and improvement of the grassland ecological supplement policy.Therefore,the following suggestions are put forward:It is suggested to improve the social security system,to protect the rights and interests of herdsmen.It is expected to dynamically adjust the implementation period of the policy and to dynamically adjust the compensation standards.It is necessary to clarify the authority of the department and strengthen supervision.