文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：木荷主要传粉昆虫的传粉行为

英文题名：Pollination behaviors of main insect pollinators of Schima superba(Theaceae)

作者：杨汉波[1] 张蕊[1] 宋平[1] 周志春[1]

第一作者：杨汉波

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所浙江省林木育种技术研究重点实验室

年份：2017

卷号：36

期号：5

起止页码：1322-1329

中文期刊名：生态学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Ecology

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：浙江省农业(林木)新品种选育重大科技专项重点课题(2016C02056-3);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD01B04);江西省林业厅林业科技创新专项项目(201503);福建省林木种苗科技攻关五期项目木荷课题资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：木荷;种子园;传粉行为;传粉效率;访花频率

外文关键词：Schima superba ; seed orchard ; pollinating behavior; pollination efficiency ; visitingfrequency.

分类号：Q948.122.6

摘要：木荷(Schima superba)是我国珍贵的优质阔叶用材和高效生物防火树种,属于异花授粉植物,其种子生产必须依靠传粉昆虫。为了明确木荷主要传粉昆虫的组成及优势传粉昆虫的传粉效率,2015—2016年对浙江省兰溪市木荷种子园主要传粉昆虫的访花行为、携粉部位及数量、访花频率、花粉移出和柱头花粉沉降数目等进行了观测。结果表明,中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)、白星花金龟(Protaetia brevitarsis)和棉花弧丽金龟(Popillia mutans)是木荷的主要传粉昆虫,中华蜜蜂和棉花弧丽金龟的访花高峰均发生在10:00—11:00,白星花金龟无明显的访花高峰。3种传粉昆虫体表均携带花粉,白星花金龟的携粉量显著高于棉花弧丽金龟(P<0.001)和中华蜜蜂(P<0.001),棉花弧丽金龟的携粉量显著高于中华蜜蜂(P<0.001)。体表不同部位携粉量不同,胸部腹板和腹部腹板的携粉量高于其他部位,3种传粉昆虫的主要传粉部位均为胸腹部。中华蜜蜂每次访花的花粉移出数、柱头花粉沉降数及传粉效率均低于白星花金龟和棉花弧丽金龟,但不显著,而中华蜜蜂在访花频率上占有明显优势,分别为白星花金龟的29倍和棉花弧丽金龟的8.3倍;单花停留时间也显著低于白星花金龟和棉花弧丽金龟。综合各项特征表明,中华蜜蜂是木荷最有效的传粉者。
Schima superba is a precious broadleaf timber and high efficient biological fire-prevention tree in China. S. superba is a kind of xenogamous plant, depending on the pollinators for its seed production. In order to determine the composition of pollinators and the pollination efficiency of the dominant ones, we investigated the behavior, location and number of carried pollen, visiting frequency, and the number of pollen removal and deposit by a single visit to virgin flowers in S. superba seed orchard in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province during 2015-2016. The results showed that three insects Apis cerana, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Popillia mutans were the major pollinators. The peak visiting activities were from 10：00 to 11：00 in A. cerana and P. mutans, and there was no peak of visiting activities in P. brevitarsis. The bodies of three pollinators were able to carry pollens. The carried quantity of pollen grains by P. brevitarsis was significantly higher than that by P. mutans （P〈0.001）, and the carried quantity of pollen grains of P. mutans was significantly higher than that of A. cerana （P〈0.001）. The carried quantity of pollen grains on thoracic sternum and abdominal sternum were higher than on other parts. So, the major body parts of pollination were sternum for all three pollinators. The removed and deposited pollen grains and pollination efficiency of A. cerana were all lower than those of P. revitarsis and P. mutans, but were not significantly different. However, A. cerana was dominant in visiting frequency, being as 29 and 8.3 times as P. brevitarsis and P. mutans, respectively. The duration of each visit of A. cerana was lower than that of P. brevitarsis and P. mutans. Therefore, we suggested that A. cerana was the most efficient pollinator for S. superba.