文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：不同密度与配置梭梭林防风效果的风洞模拟试验

英文题名：Wind tunnel simulation test of wind protection effect of Haloxylon ammodendron forests with different density and configuration

作者：王湘莲[1] 张友焱[2] 韩政伟[3] 雷春英[3] 程金花[1] 朱美菲[1]

第一作者：王湘莲

机构：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083;[2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[3]新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所,新疆精河荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,乌鲁木齐830063

年份：2025

卷号：45

期号：11

起止页码：5413-5425

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302504)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林分密度;配置方式;梭梭林;防风效应;风洞模拟试验

外文关键词：stand density;configuration;Haloxylon ammodendron forests;windbreak effect;wind tunnel simulation test

分类号：S727.2

摘要：梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)是我国干旱区防护林营造的关键树种,为了探究梭梭林合理的密度和配置方式以提升林带的防风效果,通过风洞模拟试验,在10 m/s风速条件下,对3种密度和4种配置共计12种梭梭林带模型的风速流场和防风效果进行了研究,旨在为优化干旱区防护林的结构和配置提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)密度相同时,均匀分布的林带风速减速区的面积最大,减速幅度更明显;配置方式相同时,密度的提升并未导致风速减速区面积呈严格的比例变化,不同配置方式下适用的密度水平存在着差异,但差异不显著;林分密度的增加促进了更大范围风速减速区。(2)中低密度条件下选择一行一带或者二行一带的配置方式防风效果较好,高密度条件下,二行一带或者均匀分布显著提升了防风效应。林带的风速变化差异主要体现在冠部,在冠下,林分密度越大,平均风速越小,其中,高密度二行一带的林带的冠下平均风速最小(2.30 m/s)。(3)在30 cm、15 cm和3 cm高度,林带的防风效能整体均表现为随林分密度增加而增强,且高密度二行一带的林带防风效应最好。本研究不仅成功筛选出梭梭林种植的合理密度与配置模式,而且为防风固沙林的建设及其优化配置策略的制定提供了坚实的科学依据。
Haloxylon ammodendron is a critical species for the establishment of protection forests in the arid regions of China.To explore the optimal density and configuration of Haloxylon ammodendron forests that would enhance their wind protection effectiveness,wind tunnel simulations were conducted under controlled conditions.The study examined the wind velocity and flow characteristics across three different stand densities and four distinct configurations,resulting in a total of 12 different forest models.The experiments were carried out under a wind speed of 10 m/s,with the goal of providing a solid scientific basis for the optimal design and arrangement of protection forests in arid zones.The findings of the study can be summarized as follows:(1)When stand density was held constant,the area of wind speed deceleration zones was largest in uniformly distributed stands,and the degree of wind deceleration was more pronounced in these areas.Additionally,when the configurations were kept the same,increasing stand density did not result in a strictly proportional change in the size of the wind speed deceleration zones.Although there were variations in the densities that were most suitable for different configurations,these differences were not statistically significant.Furthermore,increasing stand density resulted in a larger range of wind speed deceleration zones.(2)Under conditions of low to medium tree density,configurations involving one row and one band,or two rows and one band,provided better wind protection.In high-density conditions,configurations of two rows and one band,or a uniform distribution of trees,significantly improved the wind protection effectiveness.The variations in wind speed within the forest belts were most noticeable at the canopy level.Beneath the canopy,it was found that higher stand densities led to a lower average wind speed.Specifically,the forest belt with a configuration of two rows and one band at high density exhibited the lowest mean wind speed,recorded at 2.30 m/s.(3)At heights of 30 cm,15 cm,and 3 cm above the ground,the overall wind protection efficacy of the forest belts was shown to increase with increasing stand density.Among all the configurations tested,the forest belt with high density,consisting of two rows and one band,provided the most effective wind protection.In conclusion,this study successfully identified the optimal stand density and configuration for planting Haloxylon ammodendron forests.These results not only contribute to the scientific understanding of wind protection mechanisms but also provide a valuable foundation for the development of windbreaks and sand-fixing forests in arid regions.Furthermore,the findings support the formulation of strategies aimed at optimizing the structure and arrangement of protection forests,offering practical guidelines for the sustainable management of arid zone ecosystems.