文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北京市平原百万亩大造林工程降温效应及其价值的遥感分析

英文题名：The cooling effect of plain afforestation in the Beijing Project and its remote sensing-based valuation

作者：贾宝全[1,2,3] 仇宽彪[1,4]

第一作者：贾宝全

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091;[2]国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091;[3]国家林业局城市森林研究中心,北京100091;[4]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,水土保持学院,北京100083

年份：2017

卷号：37

期号：3

起止页码：726-735

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201404301);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8152031)

语种：中文

中文关键词：造林工程;降温效应;LANDSAT-8;价值评估;平原区;北京市

外文关键词：afforestation project ; cooling effect ; LANDSAT- 8 ; valuation ; plain ; Beijing

分类号：TU985.125

摘要：随着城市化进程的加快,城市热岛效应已经严重影响到了城市居民的生产与生活。大量的研究成果证明,以植被和水体为主导的冷岛效应是减弱城市热岛效应的最有效、最持久、最经济手段,但过往的研究成果主要以城市公园作为研究对象,样本数量少,研究结果的不确定性大,对于大范围人工林地的冷岛效应关注较少。北京市在2012—2014年间实施了"百万亩平原大造林"工程,累计形成10648个林地斑块,这为人工林地冷岛效应问题的进一步研究提供了绝好的研究样本。利用2014年9月4日的landsat-8卫星影像数据,通过定量遥感手段反演了北京市平原区的地表亮温,并以造林地斑块的GIS数据为基础,对造林工程的降温效应进行了分析。结果表明,虽然造林时间短,但由于采用了大苗造林措施、公司实施模式,这些造林地的平均降温幅度可达1.023℃,其冷岛效应的辐射范围可到达林地边缘外350m,其中0—100m距离范围内的降温效果最为显著,达到了0.392℃。从降温效应的区域差异来看,延庆盆地造林地块的降温效果最显著,达到了3.519℃,6环以内造林地块的降温效果最小,只有0.111℃。通过不同年份造林地块的降温效应分析发现,造林地块的景观格局和湿地保护与建设工程类型的规模对林地斑块的降温效果有显著影响。从全部林地斑块的大小看,其呈现了数量上以小斑块占优、面积上以中、小型斑块为主的数量特征,降温效果则呈现了斑块规模愈大降温效果愈显著的特点。初步的价值估算表明,平原区大造林工程的降温效益达到了4.8882×10~8元,其中林地本身的降温效应占到了53.73%,林地外围辐射降温的效益占到了46.38%。在今后的造林工程实践中,要注意造林地块大小的设计问题,应以超大斑块和巨斑块为主体,同时要注意将林地斑块的空间邻接距离保持在100—500m的范围内,以充分利用林地斑块冷岛效应空间上的辐射扩散特点。
With the rapid development of urbanization, the urban heat island effect has exerted a great influence on the lives and productivity of urban residents. Many research has suggested that the cooling effect caused by vegetation and water bodies is an economic way to efficiently and substantially mitigate the urban heat island effects at a local scale. However, because the previous studies mainly concentrated on a limited number of urban parks, the past result might have a large uncertainty. Since plain afforestationwas implemented in the Beijing Project from 2012 to 2014, 10,648 forest patches have been constructed, therefore providing a great sample for examining the cooling effects of artificial forests.We analyzed the cooling effects of these artificial forests using the land surface brightness temperature as an indicator of urban heat islands. For this, we used the LANDSAT- 8 images of 4 September 2014 and additional information about the originally afforested patches. The artificial forests in this project decreased inbrightness temperature by 1.023C, despitethe short afforestation period. The latter can be explained by the large young plants that were used for the afforestation, as well as the special implementation mode used. A buffer zone analysis showed that the influence of this cooling effect reached as far as 350m from the edge of the artificial forests. The strongest cooling effect was found within 100m from the forest edges, with a decrease in brightness temperature of 0.392C .In addition, a zonal analysis showed that the artificial forests had the most significant cooling effects in the Yanqing Basin, with a cooling of 3.519C. The smallest significant decrease, 0.111C, was found within the 6th Ring Road. An analysis between different years showed that the landscape pattern of artificial forest patches, as well as wetland protection and construction, were important for establishing the cooling effects. According to a patch size frequency analysis, the small patches had the highest frequency, whereas the middle and small patches covered a large part of the total area. Nevertheless, the large artificial forest patches had a larger significant cooling effect compared with the small ones. According to the primary valuation, the cooling effect of this project had a value as high as 488 millionCNY. Approximately 54% of this total value was caused by cooling within the forest patches, whereas cooling within the influential range from the forest patch edges caused approximately 46%.For further afforestation intended for effective mitigation of the urban heat island effects, several factors should receive careful attention. First, large artificial forest patches are preferablein terms of forest patch design. Second, for the configuration of the forest patches, two adjacent forest patches should be between 100 and 500m apart, in order to benefit from the cooling effects of the forest patches＇influential range.