文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：山茶属3种植物花药超低温保存研究

英文题名：Anther cryopreservation of 3 Camellia species

作者：常维霞[1] 姚小华[1] 龙伟[1]

第一作者：常维霞

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所

年份：2016

卷号：38

期号：1

起止页码：52-57

中文期刊名：中国油料作物学报

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2012C12908-16);国家科技支撑项目(2009BADB1B01);油茶产业升级关键技术研究与示范(2009BADB1B00)

语种：中文

中文关键词：茶梅;攸县油茶;多齿红山茶;花药;花粉;超低温保存;花粉活力

外文关键词：C; sasanqua; Camellia yuhsienensis Hu; Camellia polyodonta How; Anthers; Pollen; Cryopreservation; Pollen viability;

分类号：Q944.42;S565.9

摘要：为有效保存山茶属植物的花粉,以茶梅（Camellia sasanqua）、攸县油茶（Camellia yuhsienensis Hu）和多齿红山茶（Camellia polyodonta How）成熟花药为试材,对不同干燥处理的花药进行超低温（液氮,-196℃）保存和水浴解冻的研究。结果表明：不同干燥时间及不同预冻方式对超低温保存后3种山茶属花粉的萌发率有显著影响。茶梅花药经30℃干燥处理4h,含水量为26.92%时,超低温保存后花粉活力最高;攸县油茶花药经30℃干燥处理2～4h,含水量为27.52%～33.71%时,超低温保存后花粉萌发率最高;多齿红山茶花药经30℃干燥处理1～3h,含水量为20.98%～37.95%时,超低温保存效果最佳。3种花药经-26℃预冻处理,超低温保存后花粉萌发率显著高于4℃处理和不预冻处理的对照;超低温保存后38℃（2min）水浴解冻效果最好。3种植物新鲜花药在室温下干燥保存20～40d,花粉活力基本丧失。而经超低温保存半年,3种花药花粉仍具较高的活力,甚至超过保存前的水平。
For effective pollen storage for Camellia germplasm,3 camellia species were studied by anther cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen（ LN） and water bath thawing. The 3 species were C. sasanqua,C. yuhsienensis Hu and C. polyodonta How. Results showed that desiccation duration and pre- chill method had significant effects on pollen germination after cryopreservation. Data indicated that after LN treatment,anthers of C. sasanqua which dried at 30℃ for 4h when anther water content reached 26. 92% had the highest viable pollen. Anthers of C. yuhsienensis Hu which dried at 30℃ for 2- 4h when anther water content reached 27. 52%- 33. 71% had the highest pollen germination rate. Anthers of C. polyodonta How which dried at 30℃ for 1- 3h when anther water content reached 20. 98%- 37. 95% had the highest viable pollen than other drying treatments. Pre- chill at- 26℃（ for1h） could significantly increase the viability of pollen stored in liquid nitrogen. Rapid thawing with 38℃ hot water for 2min was the best method for pollen preservation and recover. Compared to room temperature conservation,fresh pollen of the 3 anthers lost their viability within 20- 40 d,while cryopreserved anthers still kept their higher germination rate after half a year,even which was relatively higher than that of fresh pollen in C. yuhsienensis Hu.