文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：植被覆盖变化对衢江流域水文效应的影响

英文题名：Hydrological Effects of Vegetation Cover Change in Qujiang Basin

作者：成向荣[1] 渠勇建[1,2] 虞木奎[1] 吴初平[3] 袁位高[3]

第一作者：成向荣

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所;[2]河南农业大学林学院;[3]浙江省林业科学研究院

年份：2017

卷号：26

期号：11

起止页码：1829-1835

中文期刊名：生态环境学报

外文期刊名：Ecology and Environmental Sciences

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：浙江省中国林业科学研究院合作重点项目(2014SY01)

语种：中文

中文关键词：植被覆盖;SWAT模型;地表径流;水量平衡

外文关键词：vegetation cover; SWAT model; surface runoff; water balance

分类号：X143;X171

摘要：植被覆盖变化影响流域水文循环及水文过程。选择钱塘江流域的一级支流——衢江流域作为研究对象,收集衢江流域植被、气候、土壤、水文和地图资料,基于Arc GIS 10.3平台建立衢江流域SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型。利用SWAT-CUP进行参数敏感性分析,发现土壤蒸发补偿系数、浅层地下水径流系数、基流α系数、浅层地下水蒸发深度阈值、地下水延迟时间和土壤可利用水量6个参数具有较高的敏感性。利用2009—2014年开化和衢州水文观测站实测月径流数据对模拟结果进行校准和验证,获得模型径流模拟的最佳参数。结果表明:率定期和验证期的模拟月径流数据与实测月径流相关系数(r^2)为0.83~0.97,纳什系数(E_(ns))为0.69~0.93,说明模型在衢江流域的模拟效果较好。不同植被覆盖变化情景下水量平衡分析发现,流域内旱地全部转化为林地对地表径流和水量平衡的影响较小;旱地和草地均转化为林地,导致年地表径流量减少12.79 mm,同时增加水分的深层渗漏(12.14 mm);适当增加果园(约5%林地转化为果园)面积不会对流域地表径流和水量平衡产生显著影响;当10%~20%的林地转化为果园时,地表年径流增加了3.86~10.57 mm,水分深层渗漏量减少了4.61~16.46 mm;可见,随着果园面积进一步增加,其对流域水文的影响加剧。因此,山区发展经济林应适度,大面积发展经济林会增加地表径流,减少地下水补给,植被水源涵养功能减弱。研究结果有助于深入认识植被覆盖变化对衢江流域水文效应的影响,同时可为山区林业生产布局和发展提供参考。
Changes of vegetation cover affect hydrological cycles and processes. This study was conducted in Qujiang Basin, whichwas the major tributary of the Qiantang River. Some information of vegetation, climate, soil, hydrology and map in Qujiang Basinwere collected. SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model was established in Qujiang Basin based on ArcGIS 10.3. SWAT-CUPsoftware was used to evaluate parameters sensitivity, soil evaporation compensation factor, threshold water depth in the shallowaquifer for flow, baseflow α factor, threshold water depth in the shallow aquifer for “revap”, ground water delay and available watercapacity had higher sensitivity. The SWAT model was calibrated and verified by the monthly runoff data in Kaihua and Quzhouhydrographic stations from 2009 to 2014, and obtained the optimal model parameters for runoff simulation. The results showed thatthe simulated monthly runoff values of calibration and validation periods were good in accordance with actual values in QujiangBasin, the correlation coefficient （r2） varied from 0.83 to 0.97, and the Nash coefficient （Ens） varied from 0.69 to 0.93. The analysisof the water balance in different vegetation cover scenarios showed that the surface runoff and water balance were less affected in thestudy area when dry farmland was converted into woodland. All the dry farmland and grassland were converted into woodlandleading to a decrease （12.79 mm） in surface runoff and an increase （12.14 mm） in deep percolation. Slightly increase of economicforest area （about 5% of woodland was converted into economic forest） would not affect the surface runoff and water balance. While10%~20% of woodland was converted into economic forest, the annual surface runoff was increased by 3.86~10.57 mm and the deeppercolation was reduced by 4.61~16.46 mm. With the increase of the economic forest area, and hydrological processes would greatlychange in this basin. Therefore, the development of the economic forest should be controlled at a moderate level, and the largereconomic forest area would greatly increase surface runoff and reduce groundwater recharge, and weaken vegetation waterconservation function. These results will be beneficial to understand the hydrological effects of vegetation cover change in QujiangBasin, and provide a guide for forestry planning and development in mountain area.