文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：我国林火监测、预警与扑救技术专利发展

英文题名：The Development of Patents for Forest Fire Monitoring,Early Warning,and Suppression Technologies in China

作者：李威[1,2] 李杰[3] 冯晓川[3] 王明玉[1,2] 孙景山[4] 朱林[5] 李鹏[5] 郝立坤[5] 宋增兵[5] 舒立福[1,2] 司莉青[1,2] 李伟克[1,2] 王京鲁[1,2]

第一作者：李威

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091;[2]国家林业草原火灾监测预警与防控工程技术研究中心,北京100091;[3]国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京100714;[4]额尔古纳市七卡国有林场,内蒙古额尔古纳022250;[5]北京市园林绿化局森林防火事务中心,北京102200

年份：2025

卷号：5

期号：2

起止页码：76-82

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2202005,2023YFD2202003);国家林业和草原局森林雷击火防控—揭榜挂帅项目(2023132032)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林火监测;林火预警;林火扑救;专利分析

外文关键词：forest fire monitoring;forest fire early warning;forest fire suppression;patent analysis

分类号：S762

摘要：【目的】基于智慧芽(Patsnap)2004—2023年全国专利数据,全面分析林火监测、预警、扑救技术专利发展态势,旨在揭示其演进规律与未来方向。【方法】使用数理统计方法系统分析申请时间、地域分布、申请主体、技术主题及应用领域5个维度的数据。【结果】基于智慧芽(Patsnap)2004—2023年全国专利数据分析表明,我国林火监测、预警与扑救技术在过去20年间经历了显著发展。林火监测专利于2009年后快速成长,2017—2021年进入创新高峰;林火预警专利自2014年显著增长,2020年在5G与无人机协同等领域达到峰值;林火扑救专利于2022年达到申请高峰。地域上,北京、江苏、广东为三大创新极,东部沿海和东北地区领先,中西部仍处于技术导入或追赶阶段。申请主体方面,林火监测以企业为主导,林火预警呈现产学研协同特征,林火扑救则形成高校主导的研发体系。技术主题上,林火监测向“空天地协同、感传智用一体”架构演进,林火预警聚焦无人机、分布式传感与智能报警,林火扑救则形成防火与航空技术闭环。应用领域涵盖字符识别、智能探测与多功能系统集成,整体上东部地区凭借科研与经济优势成为创新高地,产学研协同驱动技术突破。【结论】2004—2023年,林火监测、预警与扑救技术专利取得显著进展。东部及沿海地区依托经济与科研优势成为创新高地。产学研协同创新是技术突破的核心动力。技术发展呈现出清晰的阶段性特征、显著的地域梯度差异、多元化的创新主体格局以及向“空天地协同”、“感传智用一体”、“数据智能”深度融合的演进趋势。
【Objective】Based on PatSnap patent data from 2004 to 2023 in China,this study comprehensively analyzes the development trends of patents related to forest fire monitoring,early warning,and suppression technologies,aiming to reveal their evolutionary patterns and future directions.【Methods】Using mathematical statistical methods,we systematically analyzed data across five dimensions:application timeline,geographical distribution,applicants,technology topics,and application fields.【Results】Based on an analysis of national patent data from Patsnap from 2004 to 2023,China’s technologies for forest fire monitoring,early warning,and suppression have undergone significant development over the past two decades.Patents for forest fire monitoring grew rapidly after 2009 and reached an innovation peak between 2017 and 2021;those for early warning increased markedly from 2014 onward,peaking in 2020 in fields such as 5G transmission optimization and collaborative drone surveillance;patent applications for suppression technologies reached their highest level in 2022.Geographically,Beijing,Jiangsu,and Guangdong formed three major innovation hubs,with eastern coastal and northeastern regions leading development,while central and western regions remained in technology introduction or catch-up stages.In terms of applicants,enterprises dominated forest fire monitoring patents,early warning technologies demonstrated a industry-university-research collaboration model,and suppression technologies formed a university-dominated R&D system.Technologically,monitoring evolved toward an integrated"space-air-ground collaboration with sensing-transmission-intelligence-application"structure,early warning focused on drones,distributed sensor networks,and intelligent alarms,while suppression technologies formed a closed loop involving fire prevention and aviation applications.Application areas encompassed character and pattern recognition,intelligent detection,and multifunctional system integration.Overall,eastern regions emerged as innovation highlands leveraging scientific and economic advantages,with collaborative industry-university-research driving technological breakthroughs.【Conclusion】From 2004 to 2023,significant progress was achieved in forest fire monitoring,early warning,and suppression technology patents.Eastern and coastal regions leveraged economic and research advantages to become innovation hubs.Industry-academia-research collaboration served as the core driver for technological breakthroughs.The technological development demonstrates clear stage characteristics,significant regional gradient disparities,a diversified innovator landscape,and an evolutionary trend toward deep integration of"air-space-ground collaboration","integrated sensing-transmission-intelligence-application",and"data intelligence".