文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：生态位态势理论与扩充假说

英文题名：THE NICHE ECOSTATE-ECOROLE THEORY AND EXPANSION HYPOTHESIS

作者：朱春全[1]

第一作者：朱春全

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

年份：1997

卷号：17

期号：3

起止页码：324-332

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心1996】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

语种：中文

中文关键词：生态位态势理论;扩充假说

外文关键词：niche, the niche ecostate-ecorole theory, niche expansion hypothesis

分类号：Q14

摘要：生态位态势理论，即从个体到生物圈，无论是自然还是社会中的生物单元都具有态和势两个方面的属性，态是指生物单元的状态，是过去生长发育、学习、社会经济发展以及与环境相互作用积累的结果；势是指生物单元对环境的现实影响力或支配力，如能量和物质变换的速率、生产力、生物增长率、经济增长率、占据新生境的能力。生物单元态的变化一般呈“S”型曲线，而势的变化则呈“钟”型曲线。特定生态系统中茶生物单元的生态位即是该生物单元的态势与该生态系统中所研究的生物单元态势总和的比值，体现了该生物单元的相对地位与作用。由于生物单元无限增长的潜力所引起的态和势的增加称为生态位的扩充，生态位的扩充是生物圈演变的动力，是生命发展的本能属性。举例分析了不同生物单元生态位测定方法和生态位扩充的不同方式，论述了人类生态位扩充的特殊性。
The niche ecostate-ecorole theory and niche expansion hypothesis were developed inthis paper. Each biological unit from individual to biosphere exits in a certain ecostate and hasits own ecorole in the environment. The 'ecostate' of the biological unit is the accumiated re-sult of growth and development, learning, socio-economical development and the interactingwith surrounding environment in the past. The 'ecorole' are the current effects on the envi-ronments, such as the rate of energy and matter exchange, productivity, growth rate, eco-nomic development rate and expanding rate for new space etc.. The varying curve of ecostateof biological unit is typicaly shaped as 'S', the varying curve of ecorole of biological unit shapedlike a kind of 'normal curve'. The niche of a biological unit is the percentages of its ecostateand ecorole to the total ecostate and ecorole of all concerned units in a certain ecosystem, whichreflected its relative importance and the function status. The increase of the ecostate and eco-role caused by the growth potential in a biological unit is called 'niche expansion'. Niche ex-pansion is the momentum of the development and evoluation of the biosphere and the instinctcharacteristics of a leaving system. The rneasurement methods for ecostate and ecorole weretested in seven examples. The speclal properties of human niche expansion was also discussedhere.