文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Ecological genomics of saprotrophy to biotrophy transitions in the genus Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. (Agaricales, Entolomataceae)

作者：Zhang, Yuwei[1,2,3] Wang, Yuchen[3,4] Druzhinina, Irina S.[5] Vasco, Fachada[5] Zhong, Donglian[1,3] Peng, Long[1,3] Yao, Jiajia[3] Yuan, Zhilin[1,3] Martin, Francis M.[6]

第一作者：Zhang, Yuwei

通信作者：Yuan, ZL[1];Yuan, ZL[2];Martin, FM[3]

机构：[1]Chinese Acad Forestry, State Key Lab Tree Genet & Breeding, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China;[2]Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China;[3]Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Subtrop Forestry, Zhejiang Key Lab Forest Genet & Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, Peoples R China;[4]Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China;[5]Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AE, England;[6]Univ Lorraine, Ctr INRAE Grand Est Nancy, INRAE, UMR Interact Arbres Microorganismes, F-54280 Nancy, France

年份：2026

卷号：17

外文期刊名：IMA FUNGUS

收录：;WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001684293100001)】；

基金：This study was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2201900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32471839) . I.S.D and V. F. were supported by the start-up funds from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

语种：英文

外文关键词：CAZymes; ecophysiology; IAA; nitrogen acquisition; pleuromutilin

摘要：Transitions between saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyles represent pivotal evolutionary events in fungal ecology; however, the genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying such shifts remain poorly understood. The agaric genus Clitopilus (Basidiomycota, Entolomataceae) offers a valuable model system, with most species being soil saprotrophs. Clitopilus cf. baronii Consiglio & Setti exhibits genomic signatures suggesting incipient biotrophic capacity. Here, we investigated the genomic and eco-physiological properties of seven strains representing five Clitopilus species to identify traits associated with lifestyle transitions. ITS-based phylogeny combined with ecological metadata revealed potential facultative biotrophy in multiple taxa from the section Scyphoides. Physiological profiling showed that all strains utilized mannitol and sucrose poorly, preferred organic nitrogen compounds, and produced variable amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro in a strictly tryptophan-dependent manner. Enzymatic assays revealed substantial variations in the nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition capabilities among the strains. Comparative genomics of high-quality assemblies identified a pleuromutilin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) across all strains, although synteny analysis revealed considerable structural variation and putative gene loss, indicating that genomic plasticity potentially affects antibiotic production. Principal component analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) across 25 fungal genomes partitioned Clitopilus strains into two distinct groups: one resembling saprotrophic white-rot basidiomycetes, the other matching biotrophic ectomycorrhizal and endophytic taxa. This first comprehensive genomic analysis of Clitopilus revealed that nutritional specialization, phytohormone production, and CAZyme repertoire remodeling collectively signal an ongoing evolutionary transition from saprotrophy to plant-associated lifestyles in multiple lineages. These findings provide a rare genomic window into the early stages of symbiosis evolution, offering insights into how free-living fungi acquire the molecular toolkit for mutualistic partnerships.