文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽原位保存环境下的真菌多样性

英文题名：Fungal Diversity of Wooden Flume Unearthed from Nanyue National Palace Site under in situ Preservation Environment

作者：方旋[1] 温敬伟[2] 陈粤[3] 范敏[3] 马星霞[1]

第一作者：方旋

通信作者：Ma, Xingxia

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091;[2]南越王宫博物馆,广州510030;[3]广州市翰瑞文物保护设计研究中心,广州510500

年份：2021

卷号：57

期号：7

起止页码：131-141

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20213710886878);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2019ZB008);国家自然科学基金项目(31971588)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：出土木质文物;遗址原位保存;真菌多样性;防腐;防霉

外文关键词：unearthed wooden cultural relics;site protection and show;fungal diversity;against decay fungi;anti-mould

分类号：S781.72

摘要：【目的】研究原位保存与展示环境下南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽的真菌多样性,分析其真菌败坏状况,为评估木质水槽微生物病害以及进一步研发本体保护方案提供依据。【方法】对疑似真菌生长的木质水槽和真菌子实体样本取样,传统组织分离和培养技术与现代Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析样本真菌群落多样性信息。【结果】根据疑似真菌生长典型症状取得4份木质样本,在水槽附近土壤中采集1份子实体样本。采用传统组织分离技术从4份木质样本中分离到11种子囊菌,其中青霉菌和木霉菌分离比例较高;子实体培养物经鉴定为纯黄白鬼伞菌。高通量测序结果显示:4份木质样本含有的真菌序列操作分类单元分别为182、168、213和191,真菌群落多样性较丰富;4份木质样本均检测到的真菌种类22种,占比较高的优势菌有外瓶霉菌、曲霉菌、畸腔菌和纯黄白鬼伞菌,丰度分别为16.38%、12.96%、9.27%和8.54%;子实体培养物纯黄白鬼伞菌在4份木质样本中均被检测到,且丰度较高。【结论】在现有精细保存环境中,南越国宫署遗址出土木质水槽的真菌多样性依然丰富,检测到的一些真菌对木质文物以及环境具有潜在风险,有必要根据分离到的真菌筛选新的杀菌剂,研发新的防霉防腐技术,为原位保存与展示的出土木质文物以及博物馆内健康环境提供进一步的保护措施。
【Objective】The wooden flume cultural relics unearthed at the Nanyue National Palace site were protected and displayed in situ in the museum.Although the anti-mold treatment was adopted in daily maintenance,recent investigations have found symptoms of suspected mold infestation,and Basidiomycete fruiting bodies were also found on the ground.This research was carried out to study the fungal infection status of wooden flume and analyze the fungal disease information of wooden cultural relics in the in-situ preservation and display environments.【Method】Wood samples with typical symptoms from wooden flumes suspected of fungal infection or fruit body were collected,and the technology of traditional tissue isolation and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the fungal community diversity information of the samples.【Result】4 wood samples and 1 sample of fruit body from the surrounding soil were collected.11 species of fungi were isolated from the 4 wood samples classified as ascomycete,with higher rate of Penicillium and Trichoderma.One fungus was identified as Leucocoprinus birnbaumii,classified as basidiomycete from the fruit body.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the fungal OTUs(operational taxonomic units)contained in the 4 samples were 182,168,213 and 191,respectively,which indicated that the diversity of fungal communities was very rich;22 species of fungi were detected in all 4 samples,accounting for a relatively high proportion.The dominant species are Exophiala,Aspergillus,Teratosphaeria and L.birnbaumii,with abundances of 16.38%,12.96%,9.27%and 8.54%,respectively.The fruit body isolate L.birnbaumii in the soil was detected in all 4 wood samples,and their abundances were relatively high.【Conclusion】The wooden water flume unearthed from the Nanyue National Palace site is still suffering from complex fungal infections in the existing preservation environment.These fungi have a potential risk of disease to wooden cultural relics and human health.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new anti-fungal protectants and new technologies based on the isolated fungi,and to provide further protection measures for the unearthed wooden cultural relics and the healthy environment in the museum.