文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种授粉配置技术

英文题名：Pollination Configuration Technology of Five Early-to Mid-Maturing Camellia oleifera Varieties Recommended in Hunan Province

作者：张婷[1,3] 李建安[1] 龚玉子[2] 杨昕悦[1] 刘彩霞[2] 王浩宇[1] 谭晓风[1] 李泽[1]

第一作者：张婷

机构：[1]中南林业科技大学木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室、岳麓山实验室经济林品种创制中心经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室/湖南省“一带一路”热带干旱经济林国际联合研究中心/湖南省南方丘陵山地生态经济林产业工程技术研究中心、湖南芦头森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,长沙410004;[2]湖南省林业科学院国家油茶工程技术研究中心木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,长沙410004;[3]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,新余336600

年份：2025

卷号：61

期号：4

起止页码：153-168

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：;EI(收录号：20251718302767);北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：长沙市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目(Kq2102007);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2022RC1155)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：油茶;品种配置;授粉;座果率;果实品质

外文关键词：Camellia oleifera;variety configuration;pollination;fruit setting rate;fruit quality

分类号：S794.4

摘要：【目的】系统研究湖南省5个主推油茶早中熟品种的最佳授粉配置组合,为湖南省油茶良种的品种配置及优质丰产标准栽培提供实践参考和数据支撑。【方法】以‘德字1号’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林210’和‘湘林97号’油茶为试验材料,在花期观测的基础上开展人工授粉试验,测定座果率、果实发育情况、经济性状、种仁含油率和脂肪酸含量等指标,采用主成分分析法综合评价各油茶授粉组合效果。【结果】1)‘德字1号’的始花期在10月14日,较‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林210’和‘湘林97号’分别早3、9、12和25天,5个油茶品种盛花期主要集中在11月,‘华金’盛花期最长,从10月30日持续到11月26日,‘湘林97号’的初花期和盛花期相比‘德字1号’和‘华金’仅相遇9天和12天。2)5个油茶品种最终座果率最高的授粉组合(♀×♂)分别为‘德字1号’ב华金’、‘华金’ב德字1号’、‘华鑫’ב华金’、‘湘林210’ב德字1号’和‘湘林97号’ב华鑫’,比其自然授粉分别高44.66%、43.94%、31.08%、16.38%和10.05%,其中,‘华鑫’花粉给‘湘林97号’授粉的单果质量高于其他父本的授粉效果。3)‘华鑫’花粉给‘华金’授粉后的干仁含油率和干籽含油率最高,分别比‘华金’ב湘林97号’的果实显著高23.57%和36.89%(P<0.05)。‘湘林210’和‘华金’相互配置的果实含油率最高,均为7.60%。‘湘林97号’ב华鑫’的果实含油率比父本为‘德字1号’和‘华金’的组合果实含油率分别高15.65%和14.67%,差异显著(P<0.05)。4)(♀×♂)‘德字1号’ב华金’、‘华金’ב华鑫’、‘华鑫’ב湘林97号’和‘湘林210’ב华鑫’授粉组合油茶母本的果实不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种授粉(P<0.05)。【结论】综合比较花期、座果率、果实经济性状和茶油品质等指标,确定‘德字1号’的最佳授粉品种为‘华金’,其次为‘湘林210’;‘华金’的最佳授粉品种为‘华鑫’,其次为‘德字1号’和‘湘林210’;‘华鑫’的最佳授粉品种为‘华金’,其次为‘湘林97号’‘湘林210’和‘德字1号’;‘湘林210’的最佳授粉品种为‘湘林97号’,其次为‘华金’、‘华鑫’;‘湘林97号’的最佳授粉品种为‘华鑫’,其次为‘湘林210’。其中,‘华金’与‘华鑫’、‘华鑫’与‘湘林97号’、‘湘林210’与‘湘林97号’和‘德字1号’与‘湘林210’4组品种间适宜等比例配置。
【Objective】Camellia oleifera is a self-incompatible tree species.In this study,the optimal pollination configuration combinations of five early-to mid-maturing C.oleifera varieties recommended in Hunan Province were systematically investigated,in order to provide practical reference and data support for the variety configuration and standard cultivation of high quality and high yield of C.oleifera in Hunan Province.【Method】Five C.oleifera varieties,including‘Dezi 1’,‘Huajin’,‘Huaxin’,‘Xianglin 210’,and‘Xianglin 97’,were used as experimental materials.Artificial pollination experiments were conducted based on observations during the flowering period.Various indicators such as the fruit setting rate,fruit development,economic traits,kernel oil content,and fatty acid content were determined.Principal component analysis was employed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of various pollination combinations of C.oleifera varieties.【Result】1)The initial flowering period of‘Dezi 1’was on October 14th,which was 3,9,12,and 25 days earlier than‘Huajin’,‘Huaxin’,‘Xianglin 210’,and‘Xianglin 97’,respectively.The peak flowering period for all five varieties was mainly concentrated in November.‘Huajin’had the longest peak flowering period,lasting from October 30th to November 26th.However,the initial flowering period and peak flowering period of‘Xianglin 97’overlapped with‘Dezi 1'and‘Huajin’for only 9 and 12 days,respectively.2)The combinations(♀×♂)for the five C.oleifera varieties with highest fruit-setting rate were‘Dezi 1’בHuajin’,‘Huajin’בDezi 1’,‘Huaxin’בHuajin’,‘Xianglin 210’בDezi 1’,and‘Xianglin 97’בHuaxin’,and the fruit-setting rate was 44.66%,43.94%,31.08%,16.38%,and 10.05%higher than that of their natural pollination,respectively.Notably,the single fruit weight resulting from'Huaxin'pollinating'Xianglin 97'was higher than that of other paternal pollination effects.3)When‘Huaxin’was used to pollinate‘Huajin’,the oil content of dry kernels and dry seeds of‘Huajin’were the highest,significantly higher by 23.57%and 36.89%,respectively,compared to the combination of‘Huajin’בXianglin 97’(P<0.05).When‘Xianglin 210’and‘Huajin’were mutually pollinated,the fruit oil content was highest,both reaching 7.60%.The fruit oil content of‘Xianglin 97’בHuaxin’was 15.65%and 14.67%higher(P<0.05)than that of the combinations with‘Xianglin 97’בDezi 1’and‘Xianglin 97’בHuajin’,respectively.4)(♀×♂)‘Dezi 1’בHuajin’,‘Huajin’בHuaxin’,‘Huaxin’בXianglin 97’,and‘Xianglin 210’בHuaxin’were the combinations that produced significantly higher fruit unsaturated fatty acid content than did the other pollination combinations of varieties(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Through comprehensive comparison of flowering periods,fruit-setting rates,fruit yield,and quality indicators,the optimal pollination variety for‘Dezi 1’is‘Huajin’,followed by‘Xianglin 210’.The best pollination variety for‘Huajin’is‘Huaxin’,followed by‘Dezi 1’and‘Xianglin 210’.The best pollination variety for‘Huaxin’is‘Huajin’,followed by‘Xianglin 97’,‘Xianglin 210’and‘Dezi 1’.The best pollination variety for‘Xianglin 210’is‘Xianglin 97’,followed by‘Huajin’and‘Huaxin’.The optimal pollination variety for‘Xianglin 97’is‘Huaxin’,followed by‘Xianglin 210’.Among them,‘Huajin’with‘Huaxin’,‘Huaxin’with‘Xianglin 97’,‘Xianglin 210’with‘Xianglin 97’,and‘Dezi 1’with‘Xianglin 210’are suitable for equal proportion configurations.