文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：2002—2023年中国森林火灾火源特征分析

英文题名：Analysis of Ignition Sources Characteristics of Forest Fire in China from 2002 to 2023

作者：李笑笑[1] 赵凤君[1] 舒立福[1] 王明玉[1] 司莉青[1] 李伟克[1] 郑鑫[1] 周暖阳[1] 闫凯达[1]

第一作者：李笑笑

机构：[1]国家林业草原火灾监测预警与防控工程技术研究中心,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091

年份：2024

卷号：4

期号：6

起止页码：47-55

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2202001);国家自然科学基金(32271895,32071778)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：森林火灾;火源;时空分布;动态特征

外文关键词：forest fires;ignition source;temporal and spatial distribution;dynamic characteristics

分类号：S762

摘要：【目的】研究2002—2023年我国森林火灾火源特征,以期辅助林火部门制定科学的火源管理措施。【方法】基于国家森林草原防灭火指挥部2002—2023年间汇总编制的全国森林火灾统计月报表,建立森林火源数据库,统计分析我国森林火灾火源特征及其时空分布规律。【结果】1)2002—2023年我国共发生森林火灾124124起,其中已查明火源的森林火灾104865起,占比84.48%;在已查明火源的森林火灾中,农事用火是引起森林火灾最多的火源,占比35.86%,雷电是引起森林火灾最主要的自然火源,占比1.74%;2)我国森林火灾发生总次数在研究期内呈显著的逐年波动性下降趋势,其中以人为火源引起森林火灾发生次数的下降为主,外部火源引起的火灾发生次数同样呈逐年波动性的下降,而自然火源的逐年变化趋势不显著,且没有明显的高发年份或周期性;上坟烧纸是研究期内仅次于农事用火的第二大火源,2011年后上坟烧纸引起的火灾数量在某些年份超过农事用火,成为当年引起火灾次数最多的火源;野外吸烟引起的火灾次数在研究期内不断下降,雷电引起的火灾在近几年有超过野外吸烟的趋势;3)不同火源的发生季节有较大差异,除雷击火多出现在夏季外,农事用火、上坟烧纸和野外吸烟引起的森林火灾多出现在春季和冬季,特别是春季;4)2002—2023年我国森林火灾发生次数最多的省份是湖南,发生次数合计为25484次,占全国森林火灾发生总次数的20.53%;大部分省份以农事用火为引起森林火灾的主要火源,其中以在福建的占比最为突出,上坟烧纸在宁夏的占比最高,野外吸烟在江苏的发生占比最高,雷电引起的火灾在黑龙江和内蒙古发生最多,同时也是两省的主要火源。【结论】我国的森林火灾火源仍然以人为火源为主,而自然火源的发生占比呈增加趋势;建议在掌握我国各省市森林火灾火源时空分布特征的基础上,加强基层防火宣传与教育,加大上坟烧纸的管控力度,同时应重点关注雷击火灾的发生及防控研究。
【Objective】This paper analyzed the characteristics of forest fire ignition sources from 2002 to 2023 in order to assist forest fire departments to formulate scientific ignition source management measures.【Method】Based on the monthly report of national forest fire statistics compiled by the National Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention Headquarters from 2002 to 2023,the ignition sources database was established to analyze the characteristics and their temporal and spatial distribution.【Result】1)From 2002 to 2023,there were 124124 forest fires in China,of which 104865 were identified,accounting for 84.48%;among the forest fires with identified ignition sources,fire use in agricultural activities was the most important ignition source,accounting for 35.86%,and lightning was the most important natural ignition source,accounting for 1.74%;2)During the study period,the total number of forest fires in China showed a significant trend of decreasing year by year,in which the decrease of the number of forest fires caused by human related ignition sources was the main one,and the number of fires caused by foreign ignition sources also showed a decreasing volatility.At the same time,there was no significant annual trend or obvious high incidence year or periodicity in the natural ignition source.Burning joss paper at grave site is the second largest ignition source in China after the fire use in agricultural activities during the study period.After 2011,burning joss paper at grave site sometimes surpassed the fire use in agricultural activities and became the most ignition source in that year.The number of fires caused by smoking decreased continuously during the study period,and lightning fire tended to exceed smoking in recent years.3)The occurrence seasons of different fire sources have great differences.Except the lightning fire mostly appeared in summer,the fire use in agricultural activities,burning joss paper at grave site and smoking mostly appeared in spring and winter,especially in spring.4)From 2002 to 2023,Hunan province has the largest number of forest fires in China,with a total of 25484,accounting for 20.53%of the total number of forest fires.In most provinces,fire use in agricultural activities are the main sources of forest fires.Among them,the proportion in Fujian is the most prominent.The highest proportion of burning joss paper at grave site occurred in Ningxia.The proportion of smoking is the highest in Jiangsu.And the fires caused by lightning occur the most in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia,which are also the main ignition sources in the two provinces.【Conclusion】In China,forest fires remain primarily caused by human activities,although natural ignition sources are accounting for a growing proportion.It is suggested that on the basis of mastering the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of forest ignition sources in various provinces,we should strengthen the publicity and education on fire prevention at the grass-roots level.Human activities,such as burning joss paper at grave site should be controlled,and at the same time,attention should be paid to the occurrence and prevention of lighting fires.