文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：黄河三门峡库区越冬大天鹅的种群现状

英文题名：The Current Status of Wintering Population of Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus) at Sanmenxia Reservoir Region,China

作者：张国钢[1] 陈丽霞[1] 李淑红[1] 高如意[2] 茹文东[2] 刘冬平[1] 孙孟和[3] 侯韵秋[1] 陆军[1]

第一作者：张国钢

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所全国鸟类环志中心国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室;[2]河南三门峡天鹅湖城市湿地公园管理处;[3]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市林业局

年份：2016

卷号：51

期号：2

起止页码：190-197

中文期刊名：动物学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Zoology

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(No.201404404);野生动物疫病监测和预警系统维护项目

语种：中文

中文关键词：大天鹅;越冬种群;禽流感;迁徙;三门峡

外文关键词：Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus; Wintering population; Avian influenza; Migration; Sanmenxia

分类号：Q958

摘要：2015年初,黄河三门峡库区发生了大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等野鸟感染高致病性禽流感病毒的疫情,我们通过对三门峡大天鹅越冬种群的监测和环志回收的分析,了解大天鹅的越冬种群现状和活动状况,希望研究结果有助于我国对大天鹅种群的保护。调查表明,近些年来大天鹅越冬种群数量呈上升趋势,特别是三门峡天鹅湖由2010年410只增加到2014年6 317只,大天鹅种群数量在12月中旬至翌年1月达到高峰,2月下旬陆续离开,至3月下旬全部北迁。根据彩色颈环标记的回收结果,大天鹅对三门峡库区作为越冬地的选择是较为稳定的,不同个体在库区内的各地点之间还存在游荡行为,此外,还观察到带有彩色颈环的119只个体,已经被证实是由蒙古北部和中部的19个湖泊迁徙而来。三门峡湿地公园大天鹅越冬种群数量增加较快,是由于湖泊水质改善且人为大量投食玉米饲料,吸引了众多大天鹅前来越冬。蒙古环志的大天鹅连续多年在三门峡库区越冬也间接反映了这里有良好的栖息环境和丰富的食物资源。然而,初步推测,2015年这次大天鹅感染禽流感病毒可能与种群密度过高有较大的关系,建议当地政府合理投食补饲,不要盲目追求较多的种群数量;同时采取合理有效的措施促进大天鹅种群扩散,如在附近建立适宜的栖息地,这对于大天鹅种群保护具有重要意义。
A highly pathogenic avian influenza（HPAI） H5N1 infected by whooper swans（Cygnus cygnus） and other wild ducks outbroke in early 2015 at Sanmenxia Reservoir Region,China.In order to strengthen the conservation on the Whooper Swan,the data of wintering whooper swans population surveys in 2010 and 2014 were summarized.The fidelity on wintering sites based on the color making resightings of whooper swans was analyzed.According to survey results,the numbers of wintering whooper swans population at Sanmenxia increased significantly in recent years,especially reached 6 317 individuals in 2014（Table 1）,and the population numbers were peak from middle of December to January,and departed Sanmenxia in later of March（Table 2）.Whooper swans also showed the better fidelity to Sanmenxia wintering sites,and the swans also often moved within the Sanmenxia Reservoir Region（Appendix 1 and Fig.1）.In additional,a total of 119 individuals resighted at Sanmenxia were confirmed from 19 lakes at the northern and central Mongolia（Appendix 2 and Fig.1）.Many whooper swans at other wintering site were attracted here,as a result of the better water quality through the diverting Yellow River to Sanmenxia Reservoir and abundant corn food raised by local people,so it is assumed that the death of whooper swans may be related to higher population density.Finally,it is suggested that the local government should take effective measures such as establishing a new suitable habitat,to promote population dispersal of whooper swans.