文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：嫩江高峰林区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙动态

英文题名：Migration Dynamics of the Rustic Bunting Based on the Ringing Monitoring in the Gaofeng Forestry Area of Nenjiang,China

作者：李显达[1,2,3] 郭玉民[1] 邢晓莹[4] 钱法文[5] 方克艰[3] 姚恒彪[6]

第一作者：李显达

通信作者：Guo, Yumin

机构：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083;[2]黑龙江中央站黑嘴松鸡国家级自然保护区服务中心,嫩江161499;[3]黑龙江高峰鸟类保护环志站,嫩江161407;[4]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040;[5]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所全国鸟类环志中心,北京100091;[6]哈尔滨广播电视大学,哈尔滨150001

年份：2021

卷号：57

期号：5

起止页码：202-210

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20212910642677);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：国家林业和草原局、全国鸟类环志中心、黑龙江省林业和草原局鸟类环志项目。

语种：中文

中文关键词：田鹀;种群;环志;监测;迁徙;回收;气象因子

外文关键词：Rustic Bunting;population;ringing;monitoring;migration;recovery;meteorological factors

分类号：S718.63

摘要：【目的】长距离迁徙的雀形目鸟类的种群数量正在持续下降,田鹀种群数量下降趋势更为突出。通过田鹀种群数量长期监测和迁徙动态分析,可为物种保护提供科学依据。【方法】2001—2017年,在嫩江高峰林区每年3月15日至5月31日、8月15日至11月20日,于不同生境设置高3 m、长20 m的粘网,布设数量为70片;每隔0.5 h巡视一次,将入网鸟类取下记录、环志后放飞。气象数据直接使用中国气象科学数据共享服务网上的嫩江气象台站2001—2017年逐日记录。有关数据利用SPSS 22.0软件进行相关性分析。【结果】连续17年累计环志田鹀18155只,其中春季6756只,秋季11399只;各年度环志数量波动较大,总体呈现急速下降趋势;在高峰林区,田鹀春季的迁徙高峰集中在4月上、中旬,秋季的迁徙高峰集中在9月下旬、10月上旬;秋季成幼比例为25.4∶74.6。翌年春季环志的成幼比例为43.3∶56.7,幼鸟相对于成鸟的越冬损失率高达41.3%;环志数量与气象因子的相关性分析表明,极大风速及其风向是主导田鹀迁徙方向和迁徙时间的主要因子。回收信息表明,自然条件下田鹀寿命可达6年以上;中国东北地区是田鹀等鸟类的重要迁徙通道,而且迁徙路线相对稳定。【结论】近些年,田鹀种群数量急速下降,相对于环志数量最多的年份,环志数量下降90%以上,值得关注。农药的不合理使用、地表水质污染以及栖息地破碎化、非法猎捕等是影响田鹀生存的主要因素;建议依据田鹀等鸟类生物学习性,适时加大执法宣传和打击力度,合理使用高效、低毒和低残留农药,加强鸟类栖息地的保护,坚持长期的鸟类环志监测,进一步探索鸟类迁徙规律,促进鸟类种群的恢复。
【Objective】Populations of passerine birds that migrate for long distances are decreasing continuously. In recent years,the declining trend of the population number of Rustic Bunting( Emberiza rustica) is more prominent.Through the long-term monitoring and migration dynamics analysis of the Rustic Bunting population,we intent to provide a scientific basis for the species conservation.【Method】From 2001 to 2017,70 pieces of sticky net with 3 m high and 20 m long were set up in different habitats from 15^(th) March to 31^(th) May and from 15^(th) August to 20^(th) November in Gaofeng forest region,Nenjiang,China. Patrol was implemented once every half an hour. The birds trapped in the net were recorded and then released after banding. Meteorological data were recorded daily from 2001 to 2017 by Nenjiang meteorological station which located 6 km away from Gaofeng forest region,and downloaded from the website of China meteorological data sharing service. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. 【Result】From 2001 to 2017,a total of 18 155 Rustic Buntings were recorded and banded,including 6 756 Rustic Buntings in spring and 11 399 in autumn. The quantity of banding records fluctuated greatly annually,showing a rapid downward trend in general. The spring migration peak of Rustic Bunting was from 1^(st) to 20^(th) April,while the autumn migration peak was from late September to early October,and the ratio of adult to juvenile was 25.4 ∶74.6 and 43.3 ∶56.7 respectively in autumn and in the following spring. The overwintering loss rate of young birds was as high as 41. 3% compared with that of adult birds. The correlation analysis between the quantity of bandings and meteorological factors showed that the maximum wind speed and wind direction were the main factors that dominated the migration direction and migration timing of Rustic Bunting. Recapture indicated that Northeast China is an important and relatively stable migration corridor for Rustic Bunting and other birds. 【Conclusion】In recent years,the population of Rustic Bunting has decreased sharply. The number of the birds banded decreased by more than 90%compared with the year with the largest number of banding,which is worthy of attention. Abuse of pesticides,surface water pollution,habitat fragmentation and illegal hunting are the main threats to the survival of Rustic Bunting. It is suggested that measures such as timely increasing law enforcement and propaganda,reasonably using high-efficiency,low toxicity and low residue pesticides,strengthening the protection of bird habitat,taking long-term bird banding monitoring,further exploring the rule of migration of Rustic Bunting,and promoting the recovering of bird populations.