文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：基于层次分析法研究藏北高寒草地退化的影响因素

英文题名：Study of alpine grassland degradation in northern Tibet based on an analytical hierarchy process

作者：王金枝[1,2] 颜亮[1,2] 吴海东[1,2] 康晓明[1,2]

第一作者：王金枝

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091;[2]四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统定位观测研究站,阿坝624500

年份：2020

卷号：26

期号：1

起止页码：17-24

中文期刊名：应用与环境生物学报

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501804)资助。

语种：中文

中文关键词：高寒草地;植被覆盖度;退化;层次分析法

外文关键词：alpine grassland;vegetation coverage;degradation;analytical hierarchy process

分类号：S812

摘要：藏北高寒草地是对环境变化最敏感的植被类型之一.近年来,藏北草地面临一定程度的退化,然而导致草地退化的主导影响因素仍存在较大争议.以藏北那曲高寒草地为研究对象,以植被覆盖度为评价指标分析1990-2015年那曲高寒草地退化和恢复程度及其时空分布格局.根据当前生态系统的状况以及可能影响的因素,构建藏北那曲高寒草地退化影响因素的指标体系,利用层次分析法分析超载过牧、道路工程建设、鼠虫害、降水和气温变化等人为和自然因素,对各个指标权重进行分析计算,得出藏北那曲高寒草地变化的主要驱动因素.结果表明,1990-2015年那曲高寒草地退化状况总体呈好转的趋势,该地区退化和恢复草地面积占总面积的比例分别为35.83%和64.17%,位于东南部的那曲县、聂荣县和巴青县草地植被退化最为严重.同时,过度放牧和滥挖药材等人为因素是导致藏北高寒草地退化的主导因子,超载过牧、鼠虫害、滥挖药材、道路工程建设和矿产资源开发对藏北那曲地区草地退化的贡献率分别为28.6%、17.1%、14.1%、12.6%和10.3%.可见,在气候变化等自然因素作用的大背景下,近年来放牧等人类活动的日益增强是导致藏北那曲高寒草草地退化的主要原因,结果为藏北草地退化恢复以及未来高寒草地的管理和决策提供了理论依据.(图4表5参37)
Alpine grasslands in northern Tibet are thought to be sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human disturbances.Such grasslands are a major livestock production center in Tibet but are facing degradation in recent years.However,the magnitude of the relative influence of various climatic and anthropogenic drivers are still unknown.Here,we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of alpine grassland degradation/restoration from 1990 to 2015 in the northern Tibet Nagqu region based on vegetation coverage and used an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to reveal the relative contribution of different anthropogenic and natural factors to grassland degradation.Results showed that alpine grasslands in Nagqu generally improved from 1990 to 2015,and the proportion of degraded and restored grassland areas was 35.83%and 64.17%,respectively.Grassland vegetation was severely degraded in Nagqu,Nierong,and Baqing counties in the southeastern region of northern Tibet.Human-driven factors such as overgrazing are the main drivers of alpine grassland degradation in northern Tibet.Long-term overgrazing accounted for 28.7%of degradation of grasslands,rodents and pests accounted for 17.1%,excessive digging of medicinal materials accounted for 14.1%,road construction accounted for 12.6%,and mineral exploitation accounted for 10.3%.In conclusion,in the context of climate change,increasing human activities in recent years such as grazing are the main drivers of alpine grassland degradation in the northern Tibet Nagqu region.This provides a theoretical basis for grassland recovery management and decision-making for grassland preservation in the future.