文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：我国苦竹的保护优先区与适宜栽培区分析

英文题名：Priority conservation area and potential suitable cultivation area of Pleioblastus amarus in China

作者：张雷[1] 孙鹏森[2] 刘世荣[2]

第一作者：张雷

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：45

期号：7

起止页码：1-12

中文期刊名：中南林业科技大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2020QA001);国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303005)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：苦竹;保护优先区;适生区;种质资源;限制性因素;最大熵模型

外文关键词：bitter bamboo;priority conservation area;suitable cultivation area;germplasm resources;limiting factors;MaxEnt model

分类号：S795.9

摘要：【目的】扩大植物资源的人工栽培规模有助于其天然资源免遭过度开发。苦竹具有较高的社会经济、药用和生态价值,并且已知资源多为人工栽培,天然资源稀缺且遭受过度开发。为此,评估苦竹天然资源在我国的保护状况,确立其潜在适宜栽培区,可为协调苦竹资源保护与利用提供科技基础,实现苦竹资源的可持续性保护与利用。【方法】通过广泛收集苦竹分布数据,在考虑数据多重共线性和空间自相关的基础上,基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟预测苦竹在我国的潜在适宜生境,一方面据此掌握其自然资源分布情况,另一方面确立其适宜栽培区。同时,分析其在未来(2061—2080)不同气候情景下的潜在适宜生境变化;最后,结合自然保护地数据和保护优先区规划系统(Zonation),评估苦竹在当前和未来气候条件下的潜在保护状态。【结果】发现最冷月温度和年均降水量是影响苦竹地理分布的主要气候因素,而土壤黏粒含量和pH值是影响其地理分布的主要土壤因素。当前苦竹的潜在适宜栽培区面积达到1.68×10^(7)km^(2);在未来低温室气体排放气候情景下,其适宜栽培区面积达到1.99×10^(7)km^(2);而高温室气体排放情景下,其适宜栽培区面积达到2.04×10^(7)km^(2)。当前其潜在适宜生境位于自然保护地内的面积比例为4.26%,未来气候情景下可增长到5.00%左右。保护优先区分析表明,不管是当前还是未来,苦竹保护优先等级最高的生境区域绝大部分(> 86%)位于当前的自然保护地外。不同气候情景之间,其适宜栽培区面积和生境优先保护区保护空缺情况差异较小。【结论】我国苦竹具有广泛的潜在适宜生境,主要位于长江流域各省份,但其潜在极重要优先保护生境未得到充分保护。未来气候变化条件下,其适宜栽培区有较大的扩张趋势,其得到有效保护的高优先级生境仅有小幅面积增加。建议未来加大苦竹资源的栽培开发、调查监测和保护力度,并且人工栽培以资源开发为导向,天然资源以保护优先为原则。
【Objective】Expanding the scale of artificial cultivation of plant resources helps prevent their natural resources from being overexploited.Pleioblastus amarus,commonly known as bitter bamboo,has significant socioeconomic,medicinal,and ecological value,indicating substantial potential for resource development.However,the status of its resources is unclear,with most known resources being artificially cultivated.Natural resources are scarce and have been affected by overexploitation.To achieve a balance between the development and conservation of bitter bamboo resources,this study aims to establish the potential areas for artificial cultivation and prioritize the protection of natural bitter bamboo resources in China.【Method】By widely collecting the occurrence records of bitter bamboo and considering the multicollinearity of environmental data and spatial autocorrelation in occurrence records,the MaxEnt model was used to simulate and predict the suitable habitats of bitter bamboo in China.This approach sought to delineate suitable cultivation zones and map the distribution of its natural resources.Moreover,future(2061-2080)habitat suitability changes were analyzed under both low and high greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions scenarios.Finally,the current and future conservation status of bitter bamboo was evaluated by integrating protected area data and the zonation priority conservation ranking system.【Result】The coldest month temperature and annual precipitation were identified as the primary climatic factors influencing the geographic distribution of bitter bamboo,while soil clay content and pH were the key soil factors.Under current climate conditions,the potential area for suitable 7 cultivation of bitter bamboo reaches 1.68×10^(7)km^(2).Under the low GHG emissions scenarios,the suitable cultivation area reaches 71.99×10^(7)km^(2) While under the high GHG emissions scenarios,it reaches 2.04×10^(7)km^(2).The proportion of the area of the current suitable habitats located within the nature protected areas is 4.26%,and it can increase to about 5.00%under future climate scenarios.However,the analysis of conservation priority areas indicates that,regardless of the current or future conditions,the majority(>86%)of the highest priority habitats for bitter bamboo conservation are located outside existing protected areas.There is little difference in the area of suitable cultivation range and the protection gap of habitat priority protection area between different climate scenarios.【Conclusion】Bitter bamboo in China exhibits extensive potential suitable habitats,primarily distributed across provinces along the Yangtze River basin.However,its critically important priority habitats remain inadequately protected.Under future climate change,its suitable cultivation area is projected to expand significantly,while the area of effectively protected high-priority habitats may experience a modest increase.Overall,future climate change is favorable for the expansion of cultivation areas and the protection of natural resources for bitter bamboo.To promote the balance between resource utilization and protection and realize the sustainable management of bamboo resources,this study emphasized that the artificial bamboo forest should focus on resource exploitation and utilization,and the natural bamboo forest should focus on conservation and protection.